Treaty of Verdun
E227196
The Treaty of Verdun was an agreement in 843 that divided the Carolingian Empire among Charlemagne’s grandsons, laying the foundations for the future kingdoms of France and Germany.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Treaty of Verdun canonical | 17 |
| Treaty of Verdun (843) | 4 |
| Treaties of the Carolingian Empire | 1 |
| Treaty of Verdun in 843 | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2006810 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Treaty of Verdun Context triple: [Carolingian dynasty, significantEvent, Treaty of Verdun]
-
A.
Peace of Vervins
The Peace of Vervins was a 1598 treaty between France and Spain that ended their long-running war and helped consolidate the authority of Henry IV in France.
-
B.
Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte
The Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte was a 911 agreement between the Frankish king Charles the Simple and the Viking leader Rollo that granted Rollo land in what became Normandy in exchange for his conversion to Christianity and defense of the realm.
-
C.
Truce of Ratisbon
The Truce of Ratisbon was a 1684 agreement that temporarily ended hostilities between France and the Holy Roman Empire and Spain during Louis XIV’s expansionist Wars of the Reunions, largely confirming France’s recent territorial gains.
-
D.
Peace of Alès
The Peace of Alès was a 1629 settlement in France that curtailed the political and military privileges of the Huguenots while maintaining limited religious freedoms, helping to consolidate royal authority under Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu.
-
E.
Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges
The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges was a 1438 decree by King Charles VII of France that asserted the French crown’s control over the national church and limited papal authority, laying groundwork for Gallicanism.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Treaty of Verdun Target entity description: The Treaty of Verdun was an agreement in 843 that divided the Carolingian Empire among Charlemagne’s grandsons, laying the foundations for the future kingdoms of France and Germany.
-
A.
Peace of Vervins
The Peace of Vervins was a 1598 treaty between France and Spain that ended their long-running war and helped consolidate the authority of Henry IV in France.
-
B.
Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte
The Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte was a 911 agreement between the Frankish king Charles the Simple and the Viking leader Rollo that granted Rollo land in what became Normandy in exchange for his conversion to Christianity and defense of the realm.
-
C.
Truce of Ratisbon
The Truce of Ratisbon was a 1684 agreement that temporarily ended hostilities between France and the Holy Roman Empire and Spain during Louis XIV’s expansionist Wars of the Reunions, largely confirming France’s recent territorial gains.
-
D.
Peace of Alès
The Peace of Alès was a 1629 settlement in France that curtailed the political and military privileges of the Huguenots while maintaining limited religious freedoms, helping to consolidate royal authority under Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu.
-
E.
Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges
The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges was a 1438 decree by King Charles VII of France that asserted the French crown’s control over the national church and limited papal authority, laying groundwork for Gallicanism.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
historical event
ⓘ
treaty ⓘ |
| affectedRegion |
Kingdom of the Franks
ⓘ
surface form:
Frankish realms
Western Europe ⓘ |
| allocatedTo |
Louis the German
ⓘ
surface form:
East Francia – Louis the German
Middle Francia ⓘ
surface form:
Middle Francia – Lothair I
West Francia ⓘ
surface form:
West Francia – Charles the Bald
|
| associatedWithPeople | Franks ⓘ |
| chronologicalOrder | after the death of Louis the Pious in 840 ⓘ |
| conflictResolved | Carolingian civil war 840–843 ⓘ |
| createdState |
East Francia
ⓘ
Middle Francia ⓘ West Francia ⓘ |
| dateSigned | 843 ⓘ |
| dividedEntity | Carolingian Empire ⓘ |
| followedBy |
Treaty of Mersen
ⓘ
surface form:
Treaty of Meerssen
further partitions of Carolingian territories ⓘ |
| governedSuccessionOf |
Carolingian Empire
ⓘ
surface form:
Charlemagne's empire
|
| grandsonsOf | Charlemagne ⓘ |
| grantedImperialTitleTo | Lothair I ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | Early Middle Ages ⓘ |
| involvedDynasty | Carolingian dynasty ⓘ |
| involvedPerson |
Charles the Bald
ⓘ
Lothair I ⓘ Louis the German ⓘ |
| languageContext |
Christendom
ⓘ
surface form:
Latin Christendom
|
| legalForm | partition treaty ⓘ |
| locationNowIn | France ⓘ |
| locationSigned |
Verdun, France
ⓘ
surface form:
Verdun
|
| longTermConsequence |
emergence of the Kingdom of France
ⓘ
emergence of the Kingdom of Germany ⓘ fragmentation of Carolingian unity ⓘ |
| partOf | Carolingian Empire history ⓘ |
| politicalContext | succession crisis of the Carolingian Empire ⓘ |
| predecessorEvent |
civil wars among Charlemagne's grandsons
ⓘ
death of Louis the Pious ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Capitulary of Quierzy
ⓘ
Treaty of Ribemont ⓘ |
| result | division of the Carolingian Empire ⓘ |
| signatory |
Charles the Bald
ⓘ
Lothair I ⓘ Louis the German ⓘ |
| signedInCentury | 9th century ⓘ |
| significance |
first major partition of the Carolingian Empire
ⓘ
foundation for later French–German frontier ⓘ |
| subjectOf | medieval European historiography ⓘ |
| year | 843 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Treaty of Verdun Description of subject: The Treaty of Verdun was an agreement in 843 that divided the Carolingian Empire among Charlemagne’s grandsons, laying the foundations for the future kingdoms of France and Germany.
Referenced by (23)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Treaty of Verdun in 843
this entity surface form:
Treaty of Verdun (843)
this entity surface form:
Treaty of Verdun (843)
this entity surface form:
Treaties of the Carolingian Empire
this entity surface form:
Treaty of Verdun (843)
this entity surface form:
Treaty of Verdun (843)