Statements (538)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| gptkbp:instance_of |
gptkb:Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States
gptkb:court_cases gptkb:cultural_landmark |
| gptkbp:addressed |
gptkb:14th_Amendment
|
| gptkbp:advocacy |
gptkb:NAACP
|
| gptkbp:advocated_for |
gptkb:Thurgood_Marshall
gptkb:Charles_Hamilton_Houston |
| gptkbp:affects |
Public education policies
influenced desegregation across the nation Increased enrollment of African American students in integrated schools |
| gptkbp:affiliated_with |
gptkb:Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference
gptkb:NAACP gptkb:American_Civil_Liberties_Union_(ACLU) gptkb:National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People_(NAACP) |
| gptkbp:area |
Education law
|
| gptkbp:argued_on |
gptkb:Thurgood_Marshall
|
| gptkbp:associated_with |
gptkb:education_reform
gptkb:Thurgood_Marshall gptkb:NAACP Civil Rights Attorneys |
| gptkbp:case_analysis |
educational equity
social justice movements impact on American society legal scholars' reviews Impact on future Supreme Court decisions educational desegregation efforts Legal framework for future equality cases |
| gptkbp:case_number |
landmark Supreme Court decision
No. 1, 347 U. S. 483 (1954) 347 U. S. 483 No. 1, O. T. 1952 |
| gptkbp:case_outcome |
landmark ruling
unanimous decision increased federal involvement in education end of de jure segregation mandatory desegregation Unconstitutional segregation in public schools psychological effects of segregation End of de jure segregation end of separate but equal doctrine rejection of 'separate but equal' doctrine led to desegregation plans major victory for civil rights advocates End of legal segregation in public schools Unconstitutional segregation Legal end to segregation in schools. Schools must be desegregated Schools must integrate with all deliberate speed |
| gptkbp:case_significance |
symbol of the fight against racism
Catalyst for change in American education |
| gptkbp:case_types |
gptkb:Constitution
civil rights case Civil rights case |
| gptkbp:challenges |
Resistance to desegregation
|
| gptkbp:commemorated_by |
National Historic Landmark designation
|
| gptkbp:community_impact |
increased awareness of civil rights
desegregation of schools increased awareness of civil rights issues catalyst for change increased awareness of racial inequality Increased awareness of racial inequality influenced global civil rights movements |
| gptkbp:consequences |
gptkb:Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964
gptkb:Elementary_and_Secondary_Education_Act_of_1965 End of de jure segregation Increased federal enforcement of civil rights changed interpretation of the Constitution Set the stage for future civil rights cases |
| gptkbp:court |
gptkb:Oliver_Brown
gptkb:Board_of_Education_of_Topeka,_Kansas gptkb:Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States gptkb:Board_of_Education_of_Topeka gptkb:Linda_M._Brown Oliver Brown and others |
| gptkbp:cultural_impact |
inspiration for future generations
symbol of hope taught in schools subject of documentaries Inspiration for civil rights activism Increased awareness of civil rights issues influenced literature and media catalyst for change Inspiration for activists discussed in academic research subject of films Symbol of the fight against racism inspired activism led to increased activism influenced international human rights movements influenced social movements symbol of the fight for equality influenced public opinion on race relations influenced political discourse on civil rights influenced Supreme Court jurisprudence influenced community discussions on race influenced legislation on education influenced state policies on education inspired protests against segregation recognized in commemorative events |
| gptkbp:curriculum |
history classes
|
| gptkbp:decided_by |
gptkb:1954
gptkb:Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States gptkb:United_States_Supreme_Court May 17, 1954 |
| gptkbp:dissenting_opinion |
gptkb:None
gptkb:none gptkb:Justice_Harlan gptkb:Justice_Felix_Frankfurter gptkb:Justice_John_Marshall_Harlan gptkb:Justice_Stanley_Reed gptkb:Justice_John_Marshall_Harlan_II Justice Harlan's dissent in Plessy v. Ferguson |
| gptkbp:doctrine |
separate but equal doctrine
Separate but equal is inherently unequal |
| gptkbp:economic_policy |
curriculum changes
equal access to education integration of schools affirmative action debates |
| gptkbp:educational_equality |
affirmed by the ruling
|
| gptkbp:educational_reform |
initiated reforms in education
|
| gptkbp:educational_value |
Desegregation of public schools
increased access for African American students |
| gptkbp:effective_date |
May 17, 1954
|
| gptkbp:established |
desegregation in public schools
|
| gptkbp:famous_quote |
“ Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”
|
| gptkbp:featured_in |
gptkb:films
|
| gptkbp:follow-up_case |
gptkb:Swann_v._Charlotte-Mecklenburg_Board_of_Education
gptkb:Brown_II |
| gptkbp:follow-up_cases |
gptkb:Brown_II
|
| gptkbp:followed_by |
gptkb:Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965
gptkb:Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964 gptkb:Brown_II Subsequent desegregation cases |
| gptkbp:historical_analysis |
impact on American society
|
| gptkbp:historical_context |
gptkb:Jim_Crow_laws
gptkb:Civil_Rights_Movement gptkb:Post-World_War_II_America post-World War II America Segregation in the United States Segregation in public schools segregation in public education |
| gptkbp:historical_documentation |
court opinions
|
| gptkbp:historical_event |
gptkb:Montgomery_Bus_Boycott
Part of the larger civil rights movement |
| gptkbp:historical_figures |
gptkb:Martin_Luther_King_Jr.
|
| gptkbp:historical_impact |
Influenced future Supreme Court decisions
increased enrollment of African American students end of de jure segregation |
| gptkbp:historical_legacy |
Symbol of the fight against racial injustice
enduring influence on education policy remains a cornerstone of civil rights law. |
| gptkbp:historical_period |
gptkb:1954
|
| gptkbp:historical_significance |
Landmark case in American legal history
Foundation for future civil rights cases Influenced global human rights movements pivotal moment in U. S. history Landmark case in the fight against segregation Catalyst for change in education policy Key moment in American history Catalyst for desegregation efforts |
| https://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label |
Brown v. Board of Education
|
| gptkbp:impact |
gptkb:End_of_'separate_but_equal'_doctrine
gptkb:Civil_Rights_Movement gptkb:education_policy public education desegregation of schools Desegregation of public schools Public education in the United States |
| gptkbp:influenced |
gptkb:Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965
gptkb:Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964 public policy educational policies educational practices international human rights discussions community organizing efforts judicial philosophy subsequent Supreme Court rulings public opinion on segregation subsequent educational reforms future legal challenges to segregation Subsequent Supreme Court rulings future Supreme Court rulings integration efforts in other sectors |
| gptkbp:influenced_by |
gptkb:NAACP_Legal_Defense_Fund
gptkb:Thurgood_Marshall gptkb:Plessy_v._Ferguson gptkb:NAACP gptkb:Civil_Rights_Movement gptkb:Public_opinion gptkb:social_movements Legal scholars International human rights standards Social movements Grassroots activism social science research Civil Rights activists International human rights movements social science evidence Social science evidence World War II veterans' activism Social movements of the 1950s |
| gptkbp:inspired |
future generations of activists
activism in the 1960s educational reform movements activism for racial equality future legal challenges to segregation future court cases on civil rights |
| gptkbp:involved_in |
Various civil rights organizations
|
| gptkbp:involved_parties |
gptkb:Oliver_Brown
gptkb:Board_of_Education_of_Topeka,_Kansas gptkb:Topeka_Board_of_Education gptkb:Board_of_Education_of_Topeka gptkb:Linda_M._Brown |
| gptkbp:is_a_basis_for |
gptkb:Equal_Protection_Clause_of_the_Fourteenth_Amendment
|
| gptkbp:is_a_subject_of |
books and articles
numerous documentaries legal analysis and critique |
| gptkbp:is_analyzed_in |
gptkb:legal_case
legal historians court opinions |
| gptkbp:is_celebrated_in |
gptkb:Brown_v._Board_of_Education_Day
anniversaries |
| gptkbp:is_challenged_by |
separate but equal doctrine
|
| gptkbp:is_cited_in |
legal textbooks
Discussions on public policy legal advocates law reviews Subsequent Supreme Court cases Numerous subsequent cases Federal court decisions Discussions on race relations Subsequent civil rights cases Supreme Court opinions numerous subsequent cases State court decisions Discussions on systemic racism subsequent civil rights cases Discussions on student rights Discussions on civil rights Discussions on social justice 347 U. S. 483 (1954) Numerous subsequent civil rights cases 347 U. S. 483 Textbooks on civil rights Discussions on human rights numerous subsequent court cases Debates on educational equity Discussions on affirmative action Discussions on community activism Discussions on constitutional law Discussions on curriculum reform Discussions on diversity in education Discussions on education policy Discussions on educational access Discussions on educational equity Discussions on educational standards Discussions on equal opportunity Discussions on historical legacy Discussions on integration Discussions on legal reform Discussions on parental involvement Discussions on political movements Discussions on public opinion Discussions on school funding Discussions on social change Discussions on teacher training Legislation for educational reform |
| gptkbp:is_countered_by |
gptkb:Plessy_v._Ferguson
Separate but equal doctrine |
| gptkbp:is_discussed_in |
gptkb:documentaries
gptkb:politicians law schools public forums history classes |
| gptkbp:is_examined_in |
gptkb:scholars
gptkb:academic_research gptkb:court_cases law reviews |
| gptkbp:is_recognized_as |
landmark decision
a model for other countries a catalyst for change a turning point in civil rights |
| gptkbp:is_recognized_for |
its historical importance
|
| gptkbp:is_standardized_by |
Equal Protection Clause
|
| gptkbp:is_taught_in |
law schools
|
| gptkbp:judges |
gptkb:Earl_Warren
|
| gptkbp:judicial_legacy |
influenced future Supreme Court decisions
|
| gptkbp:judicial_review |
Constitutional interpretation
Judicial review of state laws social science evidence Supreme Court authority Social science research on education Supreme Court's power to invalidate state laws |
| gptkbp:jurisdiction |
gptkb:United_States_federal_law
Federal jurisdiction |
| gptkbp:key_figures |
gptkb:Earl_Warren
gptkb:Thurgood_Marshall gptkb:Linda_M._Brown |
| gptkbp:led_to |
gptkb:Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964
increased awareness of racial issues school district policies greater awareness of racial issues changes in school policies increased federal involvement in education greater activism for equality increased enrollment of minorities in schools |
| gptkbp:led_to_protests_against |
school segregation
|
| gptkbp:legacy |
inspiration for future generations.
Foundation for future equality cases |
| gptkbp:legal_framework |
gptkb:activists
gptkb:Constitution gptkb:14th_Amendment influenced future cases unanimous decision Living Constitution civil rights law inspired activism influenced future rulings upholding constitutional rights set legal precedent mandated desegregation reaffirmed equal rights Supreme Court's role in civil rights Led to further desegregation cases transformation of public education End of legal segregation in public schools |
| gptkbp:legal_issue |
gptkb:Equal_Protection_Clause_of_the_Fourteenth_Amendment
racial segregation in public schools school district policies social science evidence school segregation segregated schools racial discrimination in education psychological harm of segregation Racial segregation in public schools |
| gptkbp:legal_outcome |
desegregation of schools
Desegregation of schools Unanimous decision Increased awareness of civil rights issues Shift in public opinion on segregation declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional Increased enrollment of African American students invalidated state laws End of de jure racial segregation in public schools Desegregation of schools across the U. S. End of de jure segregation Legal challenges to segregation continued Segregation in public schools is unconstitutional Increased litigation for civil rights |
| gptkbp:legal_principle |
Equal Protection Clause
equal protection under the law Equal protection under the law Separate but equal doctrine is inherently unequal |
| gptkbp:legal_representation |
gptkb:Constance_Baker_Motley
gptkb:NAACP_Legal_Defense_Fund gptkb:National_Urban_League gptkb:Civil_Rights_Congress gptkb:George_E._C._Hayes gptkb:James_Nabrit gptkb:Thurgood_Marshall gptkb:Derrick_Bell gptkb:William_Hastie gptkb:Robert_Carter gptkb:Charles_H._Houston gptkb:Charles_Hamilton_Houston scholarly articles Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Thurgood Marshall's law firm Constitutional interpretation of equality |
| gptkbp:legislation |
gptkb:Every_Student_Succeeds_Act
gptkb:Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965 gptkb:Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964 gptkb:Elementary_and_Secondary_Education_Act_of_1965 gptkb:Education_Amendments_of_1972 gptkb:No_Child_Left_Behind_Act gptkb:anti-discrimination_laws education equality Civil Rights Movement legislation Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954) |
| gptkbp:location |
gptkb:Topeka,_Kansas
|
| gptkbp:movement |
gptkb:social_justice
school desegregation desegregation Desegregation efforts civil rights advocacy school desegregation movement desegregation movement |
| gptkbp:notable_figures |
gptkb:Constance_Baker_Motley
gptkb:Earl_Warren gptkb:John_Lewis gptkb:Oliver_Brown gptkb:James_Nabrit gptkb:Angela_Y._Davis gptkb:Bobby_Seale gptkb:Martin_Luther_King_Jr. gptkb:Thurgood_Marshall gptkb:Ella_Baker gptkb:A._Philip_Randolph gptkb:Angela_Davis gptkb:Bayard_Rustin gptkb:Derrick_Bell gptkb:Huey_P._Newton gptkb:Fannie_Lou_Hamer gptkb:Assata_Shakur gptkb:Malcolm_X gptkb:Rosa_Parks gptkb:Stokely_Carmichael gptkb:Julian_Bond gptkb:William_Hastie gptkb:Robert_Carter gptkb:Linda_M._Brown gptkb:Charles_Hamilton_Houston |
| gptkbp:outcome |
gptkb:overturned_Plessy_v._Ferguson
desegregation of schools unanimous decision racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional integration of schools Desegregation of public schools Declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional unconstitutional segregation Unanimous decision against racial segregation Unanimous decision against segregation |
| gptkbp:part_of |
American legal history
landmark Supreme Court cases civil rights history American civil rights history national dialogue on race American civil rights legacy |
| gptkbp:part_of_discussions_on |
gptkb:social_justice
educational equity |
| gptkbp:precedent |
gptkb:Civil_Rights_Movement
gptkb:overturned_Plessy_v._Ferguson gptkb:Overturned_Plessy_v._Ferguson set a precedent for future cases desegregation of public schools influenced future civil rights legislation foundation for future civil rights cases Set a precedent for future cases regarding equality segregation in public schools is unconstitutional |
| gptkbp:public_perception |
gptkb:Chief_Justice_Earl_Warren
|
| gptkbp:public_reaction |
mixed reactions
civil rights protests Mixed reactions across the United States Celebrated by civil rights advocates Controversial among segregationists |
| gptkbp:recognized_by |
gptkb:American_Bar_Association
gptkb:historical_landmark United Nations as a human rights case |
| gptkbp:regulatory_compliance |
resistance in Southern states
|
| gptkbp:related_cases |
gptkb:Swann_v._Charlotte-Mecklenburg_Board_of_Education
gptkb:Brown_v._Board_of_Education_of_Topeka,_Kansas gptkb:Loving_v._Virginia gptkb:Plessy_v._Ferguson gptkb:Briggs_v._Elliott gptkb:Brown_II gptkb:Davis_v._County_School_Board_of_Prince_Edward_County gptkb:Gebhart_v._Belton gptkb:Bolling_v._Sharpe |
| gptkbp:related_civil_rights_case |
gptkb:Loving_v._Virginia
|
| gptkbp:related_constitutional_amendment |
gptkb:Fourteenth_Amendment
|
| gptkbp:related_educational_policy |
Affirmative action
|
| gptkbp:related_event |
gptkb:Montgomery_Bus_Boycott
gptkb:Selma_to_Montgomery_marches gptkb:March_on_Washington gptkb:Civil_Rights_Movement gptkb:Little_Rock_Nine Impact on social justice movements Impact on affirmative action policies Impact on youth activism Impact on community organizing efforts Legal challenges to segregation Formation of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference Civil Rights Act of 1964 passage Voting Rights Act of 1965 passage Formation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Supreme Court's role in civil rights Integration of Little Rock Central High School Impact on education policy reforms Impact on employment discrimination laws Impact on higher education desegregation Impact on housing desegregation Impact on international human rights advocacy Impact on legal education and civil rights law Impact on local government policies regarding race Impact on media coverage of civil rights issues Impact on political discourse regarding race. Impact on public opinion regarding race relations Impact on public policy regarding race Impact on state laws regarding education Impact on U. S. foreign policy regarding race relations Public school desegregation efforts |
| gptkbp:related_figures |
gptkb:Rosa_Parks
|
| gptkbp:related_legal_theories |
gptkb:Critical_Race_Theory
|
| gptkbp:related_to |
gptkb:Plessy_v._Ferguson
gptkb:Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964 Equal Protection Clause Desegregation |
| gptkbp:resulted_in |
gptkb:Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965
gptkb:Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964 desegregation of schools integration of schools |
| gptkbp:resulted_in_lawsuits_against |
segregated schools
|
| gptkbp:ruled |
racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional
|
| gptkbp:scholarly_analysis |
Extensively analyzed in legal studies
Discussed in civil rights literature |
| gptkbp:significance |
gptkb:social_justice
gptkb:Overturned_Plessy_v._Ferguson American legal history landmark ruling landmark decision American jurisprudence Landmark ruling declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional end of 'separate but equal' doctrine Declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional Landmark decision in U. S. history landmark ruling against racial segregation Landmark ruling in U. S. legal history Declared state laws establishing separate public schools unconstitutional Catalyst for desegregation Overturned 'separate but equal' doctrine |
| gptkbp:significance_in_law |
Foundation for future civil rights legislation
|
| gptkbp:state |
gptkb:Washington,_D._C.
gptkb:Delaware gptkb:South_Carolina gptkb:Virginia gptkb:Kansas |
| gptkbp:subsequent_rulings |
further desegregation cases
forced desegregation |
| gptkbp:unanimous_decision |
9-0
|
| gptkbp:bfsParent |
gptkb:Dwight_D._Eisenhower
gptkb:Republican_Party gptkb:Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States gptkb:United_States_Supreme_Court gptkb:Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964 gptkb:Marbury_v._Madison |
| gptkbp:bfsLayer |
3
|