legalHolding

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gptkb:Tennessee_v._Garner,_et_al. Use of deadly force to prevent the escape of an unarmed fleeing suspect is an unreasonable seizure under the Fourth Amendment, unless the officer has probable cause to believe the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious physical injury to the officer or others.
gptkb:Citizens_United,_Appellant_v._Federal_Election_Commission Corporate funding of independent political broadcasts in candidate elections cannot be limited under the First Amendment.
gptkb:Civil_Rights_Cases_(1883) Congress lacked authority under the Thirteenth Amendment to regulate private acts of racial discrimination
gptkb:510_U.S._569 Peremptory challenges based solely on a prospective juror's sex are unconstitutional.
gptkb:Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission_v._Ford_Motor_Company telecommuting may not be a reasonable accommodation under the Americans with Disabilities Act in all circumstances
gptkb:Escobedo_v._Illinois Criminal suspects have a right to counsel during police interrogations under the Sixth Amendment
gptkb:Rasul_v._Bush U.S. courts have jurisdiction to consider legal appeals filed on behalf of foreign citizens held at Guantanamo Bay.
gptkb:Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 Public school assignment plans that use race as a factor must be subject to strict scrutiny and are unconstitutional unless narrowly tailored to achieve a compelling government interest
gptkb:Arizona,_et_al._v._United_States Federal law preempts certain provisions of Arizona SB 1070
gptkb:Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women's_Health_Organization The Constitution does not confer a right to abortion.
gptkb:Garza_v._Hargan Undocumented immigrant minor in federal custody has right to obtain an abortion
gptkb:Clarence_Earl_Gideon_v._Louie_L._Wainwright,_Director,_Division_of_Corrections The Sixth Amendment right to counsel is a fundamental right applied to the states via the Fourteenth Amendment.
gptkb:Texas_v._White_(1869) States cannot unilaterally secede from the United States
gptkb:Civil_Rights_Cases_(1883) Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional as applied to private acts of discrimination
gptkb:Obergefell_v._Hodges Same-sex marriage is a fundamental right guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment
gptkb:Anderson_v._Cryovac,_Inc. Plaintiffs must show prejudice from discovery violations
gptkb:Roe_v._Wade_decision The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment provides a fundamental right to privacy that protects a pregnant woman's liberty to choose whether or not to have an abortion.
gptkb:Monell_v._Department_of_Social_Services_of_the_City_of_New_York Local governments can be sued under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for constitutional violations resulting from official policy or custom.
gptkb:Andrea_Perez_v._S._A._Sharp,_as_County_Clerk California's ban on interracial marriage is unconstitutional
gptkb:518_U.S._515 Colorado's Amendment 2 violates the Equal Protection Clause

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