ketoconazole
E850010
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal medication that inhibits ergosterol synthesis and strongly blocks CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| ketoconazole canonical | 5 |
| Nizoral | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10214776 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: ketoconazole Context triple: [CYP3A4, inhibitedBy, ketoconazole]
-
A.
fluconazole
Fluconazole is a triazole antifungal medication commonly used to treat and prevent a wide range of Candida infections in humans.
-
B.
voriconazole
Voriconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal medication commonly used to treat serious invasive fungal infections, particularly those caused by Aspergillus species.
-
C.
posaconazole
Posaconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal medication commonly used to prevent and treat serious invasive fungal infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
-
D.
amphotericin B
Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal medication primarily used to treat severe, systemic fungal infections.
-
E.
Kotramide
Kotramide was a medieval Armenian noblewoman known primarily as the wife of King Ashot I Bagratuni, the first king of the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: ketoconazole Target entity description: Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal medication that inhibits ergosterol synthesis and strongly blocks CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism.
-
A.
fluconazole
Fluconazole is a triazole antifungal medication commonly used to treat and prevent a wide range of Candida infections in humans.
-
B.
voriconazole
Voriconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal medication commonly used to treat serious invasive fungal infections, particularly those caused by Aspergillus species.
-
C.
posaconazole
Posaconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal medication commonly used to prevent and treat serious invasive fungal infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
-
D.
amphotericin B
Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal medication primarily used to treat severe, systemic fungal infections.
-
E.
Kotramide
Kotramide was a medieval Armenian noblewoman known primarily as the wife of King Ashot I Bagratuni, the first king of the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (73)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
antifungal drug
ⓘ
azole antifungal ⓘ imidazole derivative ⓘ |
| affects | cytochrome P450–mediated drug metabolism ⓘ |
| canDecreaseSynthesisOf |
cortisol
ⓘ
testosterone ⓘ |
| hasAdministrationNote | oral systemic use has been largely restricted due to hepatotoxicity risk ⓘ |
| hasAdverseEffect |
abdominal pain
ⓘ
elevated liver enzymes ⓘ gynecomastia ⓘ hepatotoxicity ⓘ nausea ⓘ pruritus ⓘ rash ⓘ vomiting ⓘ |
| hasATCCode |
D01AC08
ⓘ
G01AF11 ⓘ J02AB02 ⓘ |
| hasBioavailability | variable oral bioavailability ⓘ |
| hasBlackBoxWarningFor |
hepatotoxicity
ⓘ
risk of severe liver injury ⓘ |
| hasBrandName |
Nizoral
ⓘ
linked to:
ketoconazole
|
| hasCASNumber | 65277-42-1 ⓘ |
| hasChemicalClass |
azole
ⓘ
imidazole ⓘ |
| hasDosageForm |
cream
ⓘ
foam ⓘ gel ⓘ shampoo ⓘ tablet ⓘ |
| hasDrugInteractionMechanism | CYP3A4 inhibition ⓘ |
| hasDrugInteractionWith |
cisapride
ⓘ
dofetilide ⓘ lovastatin ⓘ midazolam ⓘ pimozide ⓘ quinidine ⓘ simvastatin ⓘ triazolam ⓘ |
| hasEliminationHalfLife | approximately 2 to 8 hours ⓘ |
| hasMechanismOfAction | inhibition of ergosterol synthesis ⓘ |
| hasMolarMass | 531.43 g/mol ⓘ |
| hasMolecularFormula | C26H28Cl2N4O4 ⓘ |
| hasOffLabelUse |
Cushing syndrome
ⓘ
linked to:
Cushing's disease
prostate cancer (hormonal therapy adjunct) ⓘ |
| hasPregnancyCategory | C (US, historical) ⓘ |
| hasRouteOfAdministration |
oral
ⓘ
topical ⓘ |
| inhibits |
CYP17A1
ⓘ
CYP3A4 ⓘ ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi ⓘ lanosterol 14α-demethylase ⓘ |
| isAcidDependentForAbsorption | true ⓘ |
| isContraindicatedIn |
acute liver disease
ⓘ
chronic liver disease ⓘ |
| isExcretedVia |
bile
ⓘ
feces ⓘ urine ⓘ |
| isHighlyProteinBound | true ⓘ |
| isMetabolizedBy |
CYP3A4
ⓘ
liver ⓘ |
| isStrongInhibitorOf | CYP3A4 ⓘ |
| targets | lanosterol 14α-demethylase ⓘ |
| treats |
cutaneous candidiasis
ⓘ
dandruff ⓘ dermatophytosis ⓘ pityriasis versicolor ⓘ seborrheic dermatitis ⓘ tinea corporis ⓘ tinea cruris ⓘ tinea pedis ⓘ tinea versicolor ⓘ |
| wasFirstApprovedIn | 1981 (US) ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: ketoconazole Description of subject: Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal medication that inhibits ergosterol synthesis and strongly blocks CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism.
Referenced by (6)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.