phenytoin
E822404
Phenytoin is an antiepileptic medication commonly used to prevent and control seizures by stabilizing neuronal activity in the brain.
All labels observed (2)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T9807203 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: phenytoin Context triple: [Xeloda, interactsWith, phenytoin]
-
A.
Lyrica
Lyrica is a prescription medication (pregabalin) commonly used to treat nerve pain, fibromyalgia, and certain types of seizures.
-
B.
Acurenam
Acurenam is a town located in the Centro Sur province of Equatorial Guinea.
-
C.
Fenodyree
Fenodyree is a mythical, goblin-like creature from Alan Garner’s fantasy novel "The Weirdstone of Brisingamen," known for aiding the protagonists with its otherworldly powers and knowledge of the hidden realms.
-
D.
Symmetrel
Symmetrel is a brand-name antiviral and antiparkinsonian medication whose active ingredient is amantadine.
-
E.
Novocaine
Novocaine is a 2001 dark comedy crime film starring Steve Martin as a dentist whose life unravels after an encounter with a mysterious patient.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: phenytoin Target entity description: Phenytoin is an antiepileptic medication commonly used to prevent and control seizures by stabilizing neuronal activity in the brain.
-
A.
Lyrica
Lyrica is a prescription medication (pregabalin) commonly used to treat nerve pain, fibromyalgia, and certain types of seizures.
-
B.
Acurenam
Acurenam is a town located in the Centro Sur province of Equatorial Guinea.
-
C.
Fenodyree
Fenodyree is a mythical, goblin-like creature from Alan Garner’s fantasy novel "The Weirdstone of Brisingamen," known for aiding the protagonists with its otherworldly powers and knowledge of the hidden realms.
-
D.
Symmetrel
Symmetrel is a brand-name antiviral and antiparkinsonian medication whose active ingredient is amantadine.
-
E.
Novocaine
Novocaine is a 2001 dark comedy crime film starring Steve Martin as a dentist whose life unravels after an encounter with a mysterious patient.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (53)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
anticonvulsant drug
ⓘ
antiepileptic drug ⓘ hydantoin derivative ⓘ |
| actsOn | voltage-gated sodium channels ⓘ |
| hasAdverseEffect |
Stevens–Johnson syndrome
ⓘ
ataxia ⓘ diplopia ⓘ gingival hyperplasia ⓘ hirsutism ⓘ megaloblastic anemia ⓘ nystagmus ⓘ osteopenia ⓘ rash ⓘ teratogenicity ⓘ toxic epidermal necrolysis ⓘ |
| hasATCCode | N03AB02 ⓘ |
| hasBioavailability | variable ⓘ |
| hasBlackBoxWarning | cardiovascular risk with rapid intravenous infusion ⓘ |
| hasBrandName |
Dilantin
ⓘ
linked to:
phenytoin
Epanutin ⓘ |
| hasCASNumber | 57-41-0 ⓘ |
| hasChemicalFormula | C15H12N2O2 ⓘ |
| hasEliminationHalfLife | about 22 hours ⓘ |
| hasExcretion | renal ⓘ |
| hasIUPACName | 5,5-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione ⓘ |
| hasMechanismOfAction | stabilizes neuronal membranes by prolonging inactivated state of sodium channels ⓘ |
| hasMetabolism | hepatic ⓘ |
| hasMolarMass | 252.27 g/mol ⓘ |
| hasNarrowTherapeuticIndex | yes ⓘ |
| haspKa | about 8.3 ⓘ |
| hasPregnancyRisk | fetal hydantoin syndrome ⓘ |
| hasProteinBinding | >90% ⓘ |
| hasRouteOfAdministration |
intramuscular
ⓘ
intravenous ⓘ oral ⓘ |
| hasSaltForm | phenytoin sodium ⓘ |
| hasTherapeuticDrugMonitoring | yes ⓘ |
| hasTherapeuticUse |
prevention of seizures during neurosurgery
ⓘ
status epilepticus (second-line) ⓘ treatment of focal seizures ⓘ treatment of generalized tonic-clonic seizures ⓘ |
| hasUNIID | 6158TKW0C5 ⓘ |
| isEnzymeInducer |
CYP2C19
ⓘ
CYP2C9 ⓘ CYP3A4 ⓘ UGT enzymes ⓘ |
| isListedOn | WHO Model List of Essential Medicines ⓘ |
| isMetabolizedBy |
CYP2C19
ⓘ
CYP2C9 ⓘ |
| isPoorlyWaterSoluble | yes ⓘ |
| isTeratogenic | yes ⓘ |
| wasFirstSynthesizedIn | 1908 ⓘ |
| wasIntroducedAsAnticonvulsantIn | 1938 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: phenytoin Description of subject: Phenytoin is an antiepileptic medication commonly used to prevent and control seizures by stabilizing neuronal activity in the brain.
Referenced by (6)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: phenytoin