Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
E324358
Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 724 to 743 CE, noted for administrative reforms, military campaigns, and overseeing a period of both consolidation and emerging decline in the Umayyad Caliphate.
All labels observed (7)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2981232 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik Context triple: [Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, child, Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik]
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A.
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan was an Umayyad caliph (r. 685–705) known for consolidating the Islamic empire, instituting Arabic as the administrative language, and initiating major architectural projects such as the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.
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B.
Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik
Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik was an Umayyad caliph who ruled the Islamic empire from 715 to 717 CE, noted for continuing military campaigns and overseeing the early stages of the conquest of Transoxiana.
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C.
Al-Walid I
Al-Walid I was an Umayyad caliph (r. 705–715) known for major expansions of the Islamic empire and for sponsoring monumental architectural projects, including significant works at the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Great Mosque of Damascus.
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D.
Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj was a 9th-century Persian Islamic scholar and hadith compiler, renowned as one of the foremost authorities in Sunni hadith literature.
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E.
Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan
Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan, known as Marwan II, was the last Umayyad caliph who ruled from 744 to 750 CE before the dynasty was overthrown by the Abbasids.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik Target entity description: Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 724 to 743 CE, noted for administrative reforms, military campaigns, and overseeing a period of both consolidation and emerging decline in the Umayyad Caliphate.
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A.
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan was an Umayyad caliph (r. 685–705) known for consolidating the Islamic empire, instituting Arabic as the administrative language, and initiating major architectural projects such as the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.
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B.
Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik
Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik was an Umayyad caliph who ruled the Islamic empire from 715 to 717 CE, noted for continuing military campaigns and overseeing the early stages of the conquest of Transoxiana.
-
C.
Al-Walid I
Al-Walid I was an Umayyad caliph (r. 705–715) known for major expansions of the Islamic empire and for sponsoring monumental architectural projects, including significant works at the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Great Mosque of Damascus.
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D.
Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj was a 9th-century Persian Islamic scholar and hadith compiler, renowned as one of the foremost authorities in Sunni hadith literature.
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E.
Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan
Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan, known as Marwan II, was the last Umayyad caliph who ruled from 744 to 750 CE before the dynasty was overthrown by the Abbasids.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (53)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Muslim ruler
ⓘ
Umayyad caliph ⓘ historical figure ⓘ |
| birthDate | 691 ⓘ |
| birthPlace | Damascus ⓘ |
| brother |
Al-Walid I
ⓘ
Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik ⓘ Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik ⓘ Yazid II ⓘ |
| burialPlace | Al-Rusafa ⓘ |
| caliphalTitle |
Caliph
ⓘ
surface form:
Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate
|
| capitalDuringReign | Damascus ⓘ |
| child |
Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik
ⓘ
surface form:
Maslama ibn Hisham
Muʿāwiya ibn Hishām ⓘ
surface form:
Mu‘awiya ibn Hisham
Sa‘id ibn Hisham ⓘ Sulayman ibn Hisham ⓘ |
| conflict |
Berber revolts in the Maghreb
ⓘ
Arab–Byzantine wars ⓘ
surface form:
Byzantine–Umayyad wars
Khurasan revolts ⓘ campaigns in Transoxiana ⓘ campaigns in the Caucasus ⓘ |
| deathDate | 743 ⓘ |
| deathPlace | Al-Rusafa ⓘ |
| dynasty |
Umayyad Caliphate
ⓘ
surface form:
Umayyad dynasty
|
| era | late Umayyad period ⓘ |
| father | Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ⓘ |
| fullName |
Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Abu al-Walid Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
|
| givenName | Hisham ⓘ |
| historicalReputation |
caliph during the beginning of the Umayyad decline
ⓘ
energetic and austere ruler ⓘ |
| house |
Banu Umayyah
ⓘ
surface form:
Banu Umayya
|
| implementedPolicy |
promotion of Arabic in administration
ⓘ
reforms in tax collection ⓘ strengthening central control over provincial administration ⓘ tightening fiscal oversight of governors ⓘ |
| knownFor |
administrative reforms
ⓘ
attempts to consolidate Umayyad rule ⓘ fiscal reorganization ⓘ military campaigns ⓘ period of emerging decline of the Umayyad Caliphate ⓘ |
| mother | A’isha bint Hisham ibn Isma’il al-Makhzumi ⓘ |
| notableEvent |
defeat of an Arab army at the Battle of Akroinon
ⓘ
loss of effective control over parts of al-Andalus ⓘ |
| positionHeld | Umayyad caliph ⓘ |
| predecessor | Yazid II ⓘ |
| reignEnd |
125 AH
ⓘ
743 ⓘ |
| reignStart |
105 AH
ⓘ
724 ⓘ |
| religion | Islam ⓘ |
| spouse | Umm Hakim bint Yahya ⓘ |
| successor |
Caliph al-Walid II
ⓘ
surface form:
Al-Walid II
|
| territoryRuled | Umayyad Caliphate ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik Description of subject: Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 724 to 743 CE, noted for administrative reforms, military campaigns, and overseeing a period of both consolidation and emerging decline in the Umayyad Caliphate.
Referenced by (19)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
this entity surface form:
Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Malik
this entity surface form:
Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, Umayyad caliph
this entity surface form:
Umayyad Caliph of Damascus
this entity surface form:
Umayyad Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
this entity surface form:
Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
this entity surface form:
Abu al-Walid Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik