Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

E2549

United States federal constitutional law constitutional amendment

The Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is a provision in the Bill of Rights that reserves to the states or the people all powers not delegated to the federal government, serving as a key foundation for American federalism and states’ rights.

Try in SPARQL Jump to: Surface forms Disambiguation Statements Elicitation Referenced by

All labels observed (5)

Label	Occurrences
Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution canonical	35
Tenth Amendment	3
Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution	3
Tenth Amendment (federalism principles)	1
Tenth Amendment federalism	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T33096 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Context triple: [Commerce Clause, contrastedWith, Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]

A. Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution is the constitutional provision that limits individuals to being elected U.S. president no more than twice, thereby formalizing presidential term limits.
B. Supremacy Clause
The Supremacy Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that establishes federal law and the Constitution as the highest law of the land, overriding conflicting state laws.
C. United States Constitution
The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States that established the national framework of government, separated powers among branches, and protects fundamental rights through its articles and amendments.
D. Full Faith and Credit Clause
The Full Faith and Credit Clause is a provision of the U.S. Constitution that requires states to recognize and honor the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of other states.
E. Thirteenth Amendment
The Thirteenth Amendment is a landmark provision to the United States Constitution that formally abolished slavery and involuntary servitude throughout the country, except as punishment for a crime.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Target entity description: The Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is a provision in the Bill of Rights that reserves to the states or the people all powers not delegated to the federal government, serving as a key foundation for American federalism and states’ rights.

A. Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution is the constitutional provision that limits individuals to being elected U.S. president no more than twice, thereby formalizing presidential term limits.
B. Supremacy Clause
The Supremacy Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that establishes federal law and the Constitution as the highest law of the land, overriding conflicting state laws.
C. United States Constitution
The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States that established the national framework of government, separated powers among branches, and protects fundamental rights through its articles and amendments.
D. Full Faith and Credit Clause
The Full Faith and Credit Clause is a provision of the U.S. Constitution that requires states to recognize and honor the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of other states.
E. Thirteenth Amendment
The Thirteenth Amendment is a landmark provision to the United States Constitution that formally abolished slavery and involuntary servitude throughout the country, except as punishment for a crime.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (50)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	United States federal constitutional law ⓘ constitutional amendment ⓘ
adoptedBy	United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
appliesTo	federal executive power ⓘ federal judicial power ⓘ federal legislative power ⓘ
associatedDoctrine	anti-commandeering doctrine ⓘ dual sovereignty ⓘ police powers of the states ⓘ
authoredBy	James Madison ⓘ
category	Amendments dealing with federalism ⓘ
clarifies	scope of federal powers ⓘ scope of state powers ⓘ
constitutionalPrinciple	enumerated powers doctrine ⓘ popular sovereignty ⓘ residual sovereignty of the states ⓘ
country	United States of America ⓘ
follows	Article VII ⓘ surface form: Article Seven of the United States Constitution (in order of ratification of amendments) Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ
hasLegalEffect	constrains expansion of federal authority beyond enumerated powers ⓘ
historicalContext	response to concerns of Anti-Federalists ⓘ
interpretedBy	Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ
keyCase	Bond v. United States ⓘ Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority ⓘ McCulloch v. Maryland ⓘ National League of Cities v. Usery ⓘ New York v. United States (1992) ⓘ Printz v. United States ⓘ United States v. Darby ⓘ
language	English ⓘ
legalSubject	division of powers ⓘ federalism ⓘ reserved powers ⓘ states' rights ⓘ
limits	federal government ⓘ
partOf	Bill of Rights ⓘ United States Constitution ⓘ
positionInDocument	10 ⓘ
precededBy	Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ
proposedBy	First United States Congress ⓘ
proposedOn	1789-09-25 ⓘ
purpose	to reassure that powers not granted to the federal government are retained by the states or the people ⓘ
ratifiedOn	1791-12-15 ⓘ
recognizedAs	constitutional basis for states' rights arguments ⓘ foundation of American federalism ⓘ
reservesPowersTo	states ⓘ the people ⓘ
text	The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. ⓘ
usedIn	constitutional challenges to federal regulations ⓘ constitutional interpretation of federal statutes ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (43)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Commerce Clause → contrastedWith → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Helvering v. Davis → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Steward Machine Co. v. Davis → relatedConstitutionalProvision → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

United States v. Lopez → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

this entity surface form: Tenth Amendment (federalism principles)

Bill of Rights → containsAmendment → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

United States v. Darby → relatedConstitutionalProvision → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

United States v. Butler → lawApplied → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

United States v. Butler → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

this entity surface form: Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

this entity surface form: Tenth Amendment

New York v. United States (1992) → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Printz v. United States → constitutionalProvisionInvolved → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution → relatedTo → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Bond v. United States → concernsConstitutionalProvision → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

National League of Cities v. Usery → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Shelby County v. Holder → hasConstitutionalProvisionInvolved → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

South Dakota v. Dole → legalIssue → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

this entity surface form: Tenth Amendment federalism

South Dakota v. Dole → appliesConstitutionalProvision → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

this entity surface form: Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

First United States Congress → proposedAmendment → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution → follows → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Virginia Declaration of Rights → influenced → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution → relatedTo → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

United States constitutional amendments → includes → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

U.S. Constitution, Sixth Amendment → ratifiedWith → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

subject surface form: Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Fugitive Slave Clause → relatedTo → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution → relatedClause → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Butler → constitutionalProvisionInvolved → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

this entity surface form: Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

Hammer v. Dagenhart → constitutionalIssue → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985 → constitutionalIssue → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association (2018) → concerns → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

subject surface form: Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association

Jay Printz, Sheriff/Coroner, Ravalli County, Montana, et al. v. United States → legalIssue → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Jay Printz, Sheriff/Coroner, Ravalli County, Montana, et al. v. United States → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Maryland v. Wirtz → constitutionalProvisionInvolved → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Jay Printz → legalSubject → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

subject surface form: Printz v. United States

Compact Clause of the United States Constitution → relatedTo → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

book "The Sovereign States" → mainSubject → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

subject surface form: The Sovereign States

Oregon v. Mitchell → constitutionalProvision → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

New Deal era Supreme Court jurisprudence → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

this entity surface form: Tenth Amendment

Maysville Road veto → constitutionalBasisClaimed → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

this entity surface form: Tenth Amendment

Christie v. National Collegiate Athletic Association → legalSubject → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act’s provisions prohibiting state authorization of sports gambling schemes violate the anti-commandeering rule of the Tenth Amendment. → basedOnConstitutionalProvision → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

subject surface form: The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act’s provisions prohibiting state authorization of sports gambling schemes violate the anti-commandeering rule of the Tenth Amendment

PASPA was struck down as unconstitutional. → constitutionalProvisionInvolved → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

subject surface form: PASPA was struck down as unconstitutional

anti-commandeering doctrine in United States constitutional law → basedOn → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

subject surface form: anti-commandeering doctrine

United States federal system → reservesPowersToStatesIn → Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

All labels observed (5)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (50)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (43)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited