Triple
T125902
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution |
E2549
|
entity |
| Predicate | keyCase |
P4528
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
National League of Cities v. Usery
National League of Cities v. Usery was a 1976 U.S. Supreme Court case that temporarily limited Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause by holding that federal wage and hour regulations could not be applied to traditional state government functions.
|
E15483
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: National League of Cities v. Usery | Statement: [Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, keyCase, National League of Cities v. Usery]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: National League of Cities v. Usery Context triple: [Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, keyCase, National League of Cities v. Usery]
-
A.
United States v. Darby
United States v. Darby is a 1941 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld federal labor regulations under the Commerce Clause and marked a broad expansion of federal power over economic activity.
-
B.
Katzenbach v. McClung
Katzenbach v. McClung is a 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal government’s power to prohibit racial discrimination in local restaurants under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
-
C.
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia is a 2021 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously ruled that Philadelphia violated a Catholic foster care agency’s religious freedom by excluding it from the foster program over its refusal to certify same-sex couples.
-
D.
Employment Division v. Smith
Employment Division v. Smith is a landmark 1990 U.S. Supreme Court decision that significantly narrowed protections for religious practices under the Free Exercise Clause by upholding the enforcement of neutral, generally applicable laws even when they incidentally burden religion.
-
E.
NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.
NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. is a landmark 1937 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld federal power to regulate labor relations, marking a major expansion of Congress’s authority over interstate commerce.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: National League of Cities v. Usery Triple: [Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, keyCase, National League of Cities v. Usery]
Generated description
National League of Cities v. Usery was a 1976 U.S. Supreme Court case that temporarily limited Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause by holding that federal wage and hour regulations could not be applied to traditional state government functions.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: National League of Cities v. Usery Target entity description: National League of Cities v. Usery was a 1976 U.S. Supreme Court case that temporarily limited Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause by holding that federal wage and hour regulations could not be applied to traditional state government functions.
-
A.
United States v. Darby
United States v. Darby is a 1941 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld federal labor regulations under the Commerce Clause and marked a broad expansion of federal power over economic activity.
-
B.
Katzenbach v. McClung
Katzenbach v. McClung is a 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal government’s power to prohibit racial discrimination in local restaurants under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
-
C.
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia is a 2021 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously ruled that Philadelphia violated a Catholic foster care agency’s religious freedom by excluding it from the foster program over its refusal to certify same-sex couples.
-
D.
Employment Division v. Smith
Employment Division v. Smith is a landmark 1990 U.S. Supreme Court decision that significantly narrowed protections for religious practices under the Free Exercise Clause by upholding the enforcement of neutral, generally applicable laws even when they incidentally burden religion.
-
E.
United Building & Construction Trades Council v. Mayor and Council of Camden
United Building & Construction Trades Council v. Mayor and Council of Camden is a 1984 U.S. Supreme Court case that held a city’s local-hiring ordinance could be challenged under the Privileges and Immunities Clause for discriminating against out-of-state workers.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a251b54ea88190b18281669f59b4c0 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 2:23 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a25b816dbc8190b20e13c80a451e6b |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 3:05 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a2aa453a8c81908d6d4d14aff8522e |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 8:41 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69a2adde37f08190a0dc6da3ddfec1c0 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 8:57 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69a2aea7cbe081908151d50aac662e60 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 9 a.m. |
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 2:27 a.m.