Numbered Treaties

E105708

Canadian Crown treaty Indigenous–state treaty historic treaty series

Numbered Treaties are a series of 19th- and early 20th-century agreements between the Canadian Crown and various First Nations that facilitated colonial settlement while promising land, rights, and benefits to Indigenous signatories.

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All labels observed (3)

Label	Occurrences
Numbered Treaties in Canada	5
Numbered Treaties canonical	4
Numbered Treaties 1–11	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T889952 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Numbered Treaties
Context triple: [First Nations, relatedTo, Numbered Treaties]

A. United States–Native American treaties
United States–Native American treaties are a series of formal agreements, often involving land cessions and shifting sovereignty, negotiated between the U.S. government and various Indigenous nations from the late 18th through the 19th centuries.
B. Treaties of the United States
Treaties of the United States are formal, legally binding international agreements concluded by the U.S. government with other nations or international organizations and ratified according to constitutional procedures.
C. Treaty of Fort Finney
The Treaty of Fort Finney was a 1786 agreement in which several Shawnee leaders ceded large tracts of land in the Ohio River Valley to the United States, helping set the stage for escalating conflicts that became the Northwest Indian War.
D. Treaty of Fort McIntosh
The Treaty of Fort McIntosh was a 1785 agreement between the United States and several Native American nations that ceded large tracts of land in the Ohio Country to U.S. control, helping set the stage for further conflict in the Northwest Indian War.
E. Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851
The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 was a landmark agreement between the United States and several Plains tribes, including the Sioux, that attempted to establish territorial boundaries and ensure safe passage for settlers moving west.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Numbered Treaties
Target entity description: Numbered Treaties are a series of 19th- and early 20th-century agreements between the Canadian Crown and various First Nations that facilitated colonial settlement while promising land, rights, and benefits to Indigenous signatories.

A. United States–Native American treaties
United States–Native American treaties are a series of formal agreements, often involving land cessions and shifting sovereignty, negotiated between the U.S. government and various Indigenous nations from the late 18th through the 19th centuries.
B. Treaties of the United States
Treaties of the United States are formal, legally binding international agreements concluded by the U.S. government with other nations or international organizations and ratified according to constitutional procedures.
C. Treaty of Fort Finney
The Treaty of Fort Finney was a 1786 agreement in which several Shawnee leaders ceded large tracts of land in the Ohio River Valley to the United States, helping set the stage for escalating conflicts that became the Northwest Indian War.
D. Treaty of Fort McIntosh
The Treaty of Fort McIntosh was a 1785 agreement between the United States and several Native American nations that ceded large tracts of land in the Ohio Country to U.S. control, helping set the stage for further conflict in the Northwest Indian War.
E. Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851
The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 was a landmark agreement between the United States and several Plains tribes, including the Sioux, that attempted to establish territorial boundaries and ensure safe passage for settlers moving west.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (52)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Canadian Crown treaty ⓘ Indigenous–state treaty ⓘ historic treaty series ⓘ
appliesToJurisdiction	Alberta ⓘ Northern British Columbia ⓘ surface form: British Columbia (northeastern portion) Manitoba ⓘ Northwest Territories ⓘ Ontario ⓘ Western Canada ⓘ surface form: Prairie Provinces Quebec, Canada ⓘ surface form: Quebec Saskatchewan ⓘ
characterizedBy	discrepancies between oral promises and written text ⓘ ongoing disputes over interpretation ⓘ
country	Canada ⓘ
endTime	1921 ⓘ
fieldOfWork	Indigenous–Crown relations in Canada ⓘ
follows	Peace and Friendship Treaties ⓘ
hasEffect	creation of Indian reserves ⓘ imposition of Crown sovereignty claims ⓘ long-term annuity payments to Indigenous signatories ⓘ
hasPart	Treaty 1 ⓘ Treaty 10 ⓘ Treaty 11 ⓘ Treaty 2 ⓘ Treaty 3 ⓘ Treaty 4 ⓘ Treaty 5 ⓘ Treaty 6 ⓘ Treaty 7 ⓘ Treaty 8 ⓘ Treaty 9 ⓘ
languageUsed	English ⓘ various Indigenous languages (orally) ⓘ
legalStatus	constitutionally recognized treaty rights in Canada ⓘ
mainSubject	Indigenous land rights ⓘ annuities ⓘ education provisions ⓘ hunting and fishing rights ⓘ land cession ⓘ reserve creation ⓘ resource rights ⓘ settler colonization ⓘ
negotiatedBy	Dominion of Canada ⓘ
negotiatedOnBehalfOf	British Crown ⓘ
numberOfParts	11 ⓘ
purpose	to obtain Indigenous consent for Crown settlement and resource use ⓘ
recognizedBy	Constitution Act, 1982 ⓘ surface form: Constitution Act, 1982 section 35
relatedTo	Indian Act ⓘ Royal Proclamation of 1763 ⓘ
signatory	Crown in right of Canada ⓘ surface form: Canadian Crown First Nations ⓘ
startTime	1871 ⓘ

How these facts were elicited