Drosophila melanogaster
E101765
Drosophila melanogaster is a small fruit fly species widely used as a model organism in genetics and developmental biology research.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Drosophila melanogaster canonical | 48 |
| Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 3R | 2 |
| Drosophila | 1 |
| Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 2 | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T858020 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Drosophila melanogaster Context triple: [Herman J. Muller, studied, Drosophila melanogaster]
-
A.
Caenorhabditis elegans
Caenorhabditis elegans is a small, transparent roundworm widely used as a model organism in biology and genetics due to its simple anatomy, fully mapped cell lineage, and well-characterized nervous system.
-
B.
Colinus cristatus
Colinus cristatus, commonly known as the crested bobwhite, is a small ground-dwelling New World quail species native to Central and South America, recognized by its distinctive head crest and mottled plumage.
-
C.
Lasius niger
Lasius niger is a common European black garden ant species known for forming large colonies and nesting in soil, lawns, and under stones.
-
D.
Leipoa ocellata
Leipoa ocellata, commonly known as the malleefowl, is a ground-dwelling Australian bird famous for incubating its eggs in large mounds of decomposing vegetation.
-
E.
Apinae
Apinae is a large subfamily of bees that includes honey bees, bumblebees, and many other important pollinating species.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Drosophila melanogaster Target entity description: Drosophila melanogaster is a small fruit fly species widely used as a model organism in genetics and developmental biology research.
-
A.
Caenorhabditis elegans
Caenorhabditis elegans is a small, transparent roundworm widely used as a model organism in biology and genetics due to its simple anatomy, fully mapped cell lineage, and well-characterized nervous system.
-
B.
Colinus cristatus
Colinus cristatus, commonly known as the crested bobwhite, is a small ground-dwelling New World quail species native to Central and South America, recognized by its distinctive head crest and mottled plumage.
-
C.
Lasius niger
Lasius niger is a common European black garden ant species known for forming large colonies and nesting in soil, lawns, and under stones.
-
D.
Leipoa ocellata
Leipoa ocellata, commonly known as the malleefowl, is a ground-dwelling Australian bird famous for incubating its eggs in large mounds of decomposing vegetation.
-
E.
Apinae
Apinae is a large subfamily of bees that includes honey bees, bumblebees, and many other important pollinating species.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (96)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
fruit fly
ⓘ
model organism ⓘ species ⓘ |
| adultLifespan | about 1 to 2 months under laboratory conditions ⓘ |
| approximateGeneCount | about 14000 protein-coding genes ⓘ |
| associatedWithScientist |
Alfred Sturtevant
ⓘ
Hermann Joseph Muller ⓘ
linked to:
Herman J. Muller
Thomas Hunt Morgan ⓘ |
| behavior |
courtship song produced by wing vibration
ⓘ
negative geotaxis ⓘ |
| bodyLength | about 2 to 3 millimeters ⓘ |
| chromosomeNumber | 4 pairs of chromosomes ⓘ |
| class | Insecta ⓘ |
| commonName |
common fruit fly
ⓘ
vinegar fly ⓘ |
| culturedIn | vials or bottles with agar-based food medium ⓘ |
| describedBy | Johann Wilhelm Meigen ⓘ |
| developmentType | holometabolous metamorphosis ⓘ |
| diet | yeast on rotting fruit ⓘ |
| eggLayingSite | on fermenting fruit surfaces ⓘ |
| embryogenesisDuration | about 24 hours at 25 degrees Celsius ⓘ |
| eyeColor | red in wild type ⓘ |
| family | Drosophilidae ⓘ |
| fertilizationType | internal fertilization ⓘ |
| geneEditingMethod |
CRISPR-Cas9
ⓘ
linked to:
CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology
|
| genomeSequenced | true ⓘ |
| genomeSize | approximately 180 megabase pairs ⓘ |
| genus | Drosophila ⓘ |
| hasBalancerChromosomes | true ⓘ |
| hasLandmarkDiscovery |
discovery of sex-linked inheritance
ⓘ
homeotic genes and Hox clusters ⓘ mapping of genes to chromosomes ⓘ segmentation genes in development ⓘ |
| hasModelOrganismStatus |
classical model organism
ⓘ
genetic model organism ⓘ |
| hasMutantCollection | extensive mutant lines available ⓘ |
| hasOnlineResource |
FlyBase
ⓘ
modENCODE project ⓘ |
| hasPolyteneChromosomes | true ⓘ |
| hasReferenceGenome | true ⓘ |
| hasSexualDimorphism | true ⓘ |
| kingdom | Animalia ⓘ |
| labStrain |
Canton-S
ⓘ
Oregon-R ⓘ |
| larvalInstars | three larval instars ⓘ |
| lifeCycleStage |
adult
ⓘ
egg ⓘ larva ⓘ pupa ⓘ |
| maleCharacteristic |
darker posterior abdomen
ⓘ
sex combs on forelegs ⓘ |
| modelFor |
Mendelian inheritance
ⓘ
axon guidance ⓘ chromosome theory of inheritance ⓘ embryonic patterning ⓘ innate immunity ⓘ learning and memory ⓘ linkage and recombination ⓘ metabolic disorders ⓘ neurodegenerative diseases ⓘ synaptic development ⓘ |
| naturalHabitat |
decaying vegetation
ⓘ
fermenting fruit ⓘ |
| notableGene |
Antennapedia complex
ⓘ
Notch ⓘ bithorax complex ⓘ hedgehog ⓘ period ⓘ white ⓘ wingless ⓘ yellow ⓘ |
| odorResponse | attracted to ethanol-containing substrates ⓘ |
| order | Diptera ⓘ |
| phylum | Arthropoda ⓘ |
| ploidy | diploid ⓘ |
| polyteneChromosomesTissue | salivary glands of larvae ⓘ |
| pupalDuration | about 4 to 5 days at 25 degrees Celsius ⓘ |
| reproduction | sexual reproduction ⓘ |
| researchFacility | the Fly Room at Columbia University ⓘ |
| sexChromosomeSystem | XY sex-determination system ⓘ |
| taxonRank | species ⓘ |
| temperaturePreference | around 25 degrees Celsius ⓘ |
| transgenesisMethod |
P-element mediated transformation
ⓘ
phiC31 integrase system ⓘ |
| typicalGenerationTime | about 10 days at 25 degrees Celsius ⓘ |
| usedIn |
aging research
ⓘ
behavioral genetics research ⓘ circadian rhythm research ⓘ developmental biology research ⓘ evolutionary biology research ⓘ genetics research ⓘ neurobiology research ⓘ population genetics ⓘ toxicology research ⓘ |
| wingType | two functional wings ⓘ |
| yearDescribed | 1830 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Drosophila melanogaster Description of subject: Drosophila melanogaster is a small fruit fly species widely used as a model organism in genetics and developmental biology research.
Referenced by (52)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Drosophila melanogaster
subject linked to:
survival motor neuron protein
subject linked to:
the Fly Room at Columbia University
linked to: Drosophila melanogaster
linked to: Drosophila melanogaster
linked to: Drosophila melanogaster
subject linked to:
UniGene database
subject linked to:
David J. Glover (geneticist)