Clostridium
E928066
Clostridium is a genus of anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria that includes species responsible for diseases such as botulism, tetanus, and gas gangrene.
All labels observed (6)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Clostridium canonical | 2 |
| Clostridium tetani | 2 |
| Clostridioides | 1 |
| Clostridium botulinum | 1 |
| Clostridium perfringens | 1 |
| genus Clostridium | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T11466926 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Clostridium Context triple: [Firmicutes, contains, Clostridium]
-
A.
Bacillus
Bacillus is a genus of rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria that includes both harmless environmental species and notable pathogens such as Bacillus anthracis.
-
B.
Clostridioides difficile
Clostridioides difficile is a spore-forming, toxin-producing bacterium that commonly causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and severe colitis in humans.
-
C.
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that causes the disease anthrax in humans and animals.
-
D.
Bacillaceae
Bacillaceae is a family of Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria that includes medically and environmentally significant genera such as Bacillus.
-
E.
Wolinella
Wolinella is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria known for inhabiting animal gastrointestinal tracts and participating in hydrogen-based syntrophic relationships.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Clostridium Target entity description: Clostridium is a genus of anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria that includes species responsible for diseases such as botulism, tetanus, and gas gangrene.
-
A.
Bacillus
Bacillus is a genus of rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria that includes both harmless environmental species and notable pathogens such as Bacillus anthracis.
-
B.
Clostridioides difficile
Clostridioides difficile is a spore-forming, toxin-producing bacterium that commonly causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and severe colitis in humans.
-
C.
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that causes the disease anthrax in humans and animals.
-
D.
Bacillaceae
Bacillaceae is a family of Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria that includes medically and environmentally significant genera such as Bacillus.
-
E.
Wolinella
Wolinella is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria known for inhabiting animal gastrointestinal tracts and participating in hydrogen-based syntrophic relationships.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | bacterial genus ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
foodborne illness
ⓘ
nosocomial infections ⓘ wound infections ⓘ |
| biomedicalUse | botulinum toxin used therapeutically in small doses ⓘ |
| causesDisease |
antibiotic-associated diarrhea (via Clostridium difficile)
ⓘ
botulism (via Clostridium botulinum) ⓘ food poisoning (via several species) ⓘ gas gangrene (via Clostridium perfringens) ⓘ tetanus (via Clostridium tetani) ⓘ |
| cellShape | rod-shaped ⓘ |
| cellWallComponent | peptidoglycan ⓘ |
| class |
Clostridia
ⓘ
linked to:
Clostridiales
|
| diagnosticMethod |
anaerobic culture
ⓘ
toxin detection assays ⓘ |
| domain | Bacteria ⓘ |
| etymology | derived from Greek "kloster" meaning spindle (referring to spore-bearing cells) ⓘ |
| family | Clostridiaceae ⓘ |
| firstDescribedBy | Prazmowski ⓘ |
| firstDescriptionYear | 1880 ⓘ |
| formsEndospores | true ⓘ |
| genomeType | circular double-stranded DNA ⓘ |
| gramStain | Gram-positive ⓘ |
| growthRequirement | reduced oxygen or anaerobic conditions ⓘ |
| habitat |
intestinal tract of animals
ⓘ
sediments ⓘ soil ⓘ |
| industrialUse | solvent production (e.g., acetone-butanol fermentation by some species) ⓘ |
| metabolism | fermentative ⓘ |
| motility | often motile with peritrichous flagella ⓘ |
| notableSpecies |
Clostridium botulinum
ⓘ
linked to:
Clostridium
Clostridium difficile ⓘ
linked to:
Clostridioides difficile
Clostridium perfringens ⓘ
linked to:
Clostridium
Clostridium tetani ⓘ
linked to:
Clostridium
|
| order | Clostridiales ⓘ |
| oxygenRequirement | obligate anaerobe ⓘ |
| pathogenicTo |
animals
ⓘ
humans ⓘ |
| phylum |
Bacillota
ⓘ
linked to:
Firmicutes
|
| producesToxin |
alpha toxin (by Clostridium perfringens)
ⓘ
botulinum neurotoxin (by Clostridium botulinum) ⓘ tetanospasmin (by Clostridium tetani) ⓘ |
| reproduction | binary fission ⓘ |
| sporeResistance |
endospores resistant to desiccation
ⓘ
endospores resistant to heat ⓘ endospores resistant to many disinfectants ⓘ |
| stainingCharacteristic | spore staining positive ⓘ |
| taxonRank | genus ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Clostridium Description of subject: Clostridium is a genus of anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria that includes species responsible for diseases such as botulism, tetanus, and gas gangrene.
Referenced by (8)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Clostridium
linked to: Clostridium
linked to: Clostridium
linked to: Clostridium
linked to: Clostridium
linked to: Clostridium