Clostridioides difficile
E902869
Gram-positive bacterium
anaerobic bacterium
bacterial species
pathogenic bacterium
spore-forming bacterium
Clostridioides difficile is a spore-forming, toxin-producing bacterium that commonly causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and severe colitis in humans.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Clostridioides difficile canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T11074032 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Clostridioides difficile Context triple: [Cepheid, developsTestFor, Clostridioides difficile]
-
A.
Helicobacter
Helicobacter is a genus of spiral-shaped, microaerophilic bacteria best known for species such as H. pylori, which colonize the human stomach and are associated with peptic ulcers and gastric cancer.
-
B.
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli is a widely studied, rod-shaped bacterium commonly found in the intestines of warm-blooded animals and extensively used as a model organism in microbiology and genetics.
-
C.
Campylobacter
Campylobacter is a genus of bacteria that commonly causes foodborne gastrointestinal infections in humans, often associated with undercooked poultry.
-
D.
Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium that causes the acute diarrheal disease cholera in humans.
-
E.
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that causes the disease anthrax in humans and animals.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Clostridioides difficile Target entity description: Clostridioides difficile is a spore-forming, toxin-producing bacterium that commonly causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and severe colitis in humans.
-
A.
Helicobacter
Helicobacter is a genus of spiral-shaped, microaerophilic bacteria best known for species such as H. pylori, which colonize the human stomach and are associated with peptic ulcers and gastric cancer.
-
B.
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli is a widely studied, rod-shaped bacterium commonly found in the intestines of warm-blooded animals and extensively used as a model organism in microbiology and genetics.
-
C.
Campylobacter
Campylobacter is a genus of bacteria that commonly causes foodborne gastrointestinal infections in humans, often associated with undercooked poultry.
-
D.
Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium that causes the acute diarrheal disease cholera in humans.
-
E.
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that causes the disease anthrax in humans and animals.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Gram-positive bacterium
ⓘ
anaerobic bacterium ⓘ bacterial species ⓘ pathogenic bacterium ⓘ spore-forming bacterium ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
healthcare-associated infections
ⓘ
hospital outbreaks ⓘ |
| causes |
Clostridioides difficile infection
ⓘ
antibiotic-associated diarrhea ⓘ pseudomembranous colitis ⓘ toxic megacolon ⓘ |
| class | Clostridia NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| colonizes | human colon ⓘ |
| diagnosedBy |
nucleic acid amplification test
ⓘ
stool culture ⓘ stool toxin assay ⓘ |
| environmentalResistance |
resistant to many disinfectants
ⓘ
spores survive for long periods on surfaces ⓘ |
| family | Peptostreptococcaceae NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| firstDescribedIn | 1935 ⓘ |
| formerName | Clostridium difficile NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| forms | endospores ⓘ |
| genus | Clostridioides NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| gramStain | Gram-positive ⓘ |
| motility | motile with peritrichous flagella ⓘ |
| notableStrain | NAP1/BI/027 hypervirulent strain ⓘ |
| order | Eubacteriales NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| oxygenRequirement | obligate anaerobe ⓘ |
| phylum | Bacillota NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| preventedBy |
antibiotic stewardship
ⓘ
contact precautions in hospitals ⓘ hand hygiene with soap and water ⓘ |
| primaryHost | human ⓘ |
| produces |
TcdA toxin
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
TcdB toxin ⓘ binary toxin CDT ⓘ |
| riskFactor |
advanced age
ⓘ
broad-spectrum antibiotic use ⓘ prolonged hospitalization ⓘ proton pump inhibitor use ⓘ |
| shape | rod-shaped ⓘ |
| taxonRank | species ⓘ |
| transmissionRoute | fecal-oral route ⓘ |
| treatedWith |
fecal microbiota transplantation
ⓘ
fidaxomicin NERFINISHED ⓘ metronidazole ⓘ oral vancomycin ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Clostridioides difficile Description of subject: Clostridioides difficile is a spore-forming, toxin-producing bacterium that commonly causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and severe colitis in humans.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.