PASPA
E403282
PASPA was a 1992 U.S. federal law that effectively banned state-authorized sports betting nationwide until it was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2018.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| PASPA canonical | 5 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3980945 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: PASPA Context triple: [Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association, challengedStatuteAbbreviation, PASPA]
-
A.
iPASS
iPASS is a Taiwanese contactless smart card widely used for public transportation fares and small-value electronic payments.
-
B.
PASP
PASP is the NATO Political Affairs and Security Policy Division, responsible for developing and coordinating the Alliance’s political and security policies.
-
C.
PSB
PSB is a high-energy particle accelerator at CERN that boosts protons from the Proton Synchrotron Injector Complex to higher energies for use in subsequent accelerators and experiments.
-
D.
I-PASS
I-PASS is an electronic toll collection system used on Illinois tollways that allows drivers to pay tolls automatically without stopping.
-
E.
Presto card
The Presto card is a reloadable smart card used for paying public transit fares across the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area and other regions in Ontario, Canada.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: PASPA Target entity description: PASPA was a 1992 U.S. federal law that effectively banned state-authorized sports betting nationwide until it was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2018.
-
A.
iPASS
iPASS is a Taiwanese contactless smart card widely used for public transportation fares and small-value electronic payments.
-
B.
PASP
PASP is the NATO Political Affairs and Security Policy Division, responsible for developing and coordinating the Alliance’s political and security policies.
-
C.
PSB
PSB is a high-energy particle accelerator at CERN that boosts protons from the Proton Synchrotron Injector Complex to higher energies for use in subsequent accelerators and experiments.
-
D.
I-PASS
I-PASS is an electronic toll collection system used on Illinois tollways that allows drivers to pay tolls automatically without stopping.
-
E.
Presto card
The Presto card is a reloadable smart card used for paying public transit fares across the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area and other regions in Ontario, Canada.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal statute
ⓘ
sports betting law ⓘ |
| acronym | PASPA self-link ⓘ |
| allowedExceptionFor |
Delaware
ⓘ
Montana ⓘ Nevada ⓘ Oregon ⓘ |
| appliedTo |
states
ⓘ
territories of the United States ⓘ |
| caseCitationStrikingDown |
Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association (2018)
ⓘ
surface form:
Murphy v. NCAA, 584 U.S. ___ (2018)
|
| challengedBy |
New Jersey, United States
ⓘ
surface form:
State of New Jersey
|
| challengedInCase |
Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association (2018)
ⓘ
surface form:
Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association
|
| codifiedIn | Title 28 of the United States Code ⓘ |
| codifiedSections | 28 U.S.C. §§ 3701–3704 ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| dateSigned | 1992-10-28 ⓘ |
| decisionDateStruckDown | 2018-05-14 ⓘ |
| effectiveDate | 1993-01-01 ⓘ |
| effectOfInvalidation | allowed states to legalize and regulate sports betting ⓘ |
| enactedBy | United States Congress ⓘ |
| enforcementMechanism |
civil actions brought by professional and amateur sports organizations
ⓘ
civil actions brought by the U.S. Attorney General ⓘ |
| fullName | Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act ⓘ |
| geographicScope | nationwide in the United States ⓘ |
| grandfatheredExistingSchemes | certain state sports lotteries and sports betting schemes existing between 1976 and 1990 ⓘ |
| heldUnconstitutionalUnder |
anti-commandeering doctrine in United States constitutional law
ⓘ
surface form:
Tenth Amendment anti-commandeering doctrine
|
| jurisdiction | federal law of the United States ⓘ |
| legislativeIntent | to protect the integrity of professional and amateur sports competitions ⓘ |
| prohibited |
state-operated sports lotteries on professional and amateur sports
ⓘ
state-sponsored sports betting ⓘ |
| publicLawNumber | Public Law 102-559 ⓘ |
| purpose |
to prohibit state-authorized sports gambling schemes
ⓘ
to stop the spread of legalized sports betting in the United States ⓘ |
| repealedStatus | effectively invalidated by Supreme Court decision ⓘ |
| restrictedActivity | betting on competitive sporting events ⓘ |
| signedBy | George H. W. Bush ⓘ |
| sponsoredBy |
Bill Bradley
ⓘ
surface form:
Senator Bill Bradley
|
| struckDownBy | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
amateur sports
ⓘ
professional sports ⓘ sports gambling ⓘ |
| supportedBy |
Major League Baseball
ⓘ
National Basketball Association ⓘ National Collegiate Athletic Association ⓘ National Football League ⓘ National Hockey League ⓘ |
| typeOfRestriction | ban on state authorization of sports wagering schemes ⓘ |
| yearEnacted | 1992 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: PASPA Description of subject: PASPA was a 1992 U.S. federal law that effectively banned state-authorized sports betting nationwide until it was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2018.
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association
subject surface form:
PASPA was struck down as unconstitutional