Charles II, Duke of Parma
E327688
Charles II, Duke of Parma was a 19th-century Bourbon ruler who briefly reigned over the Duchy of Parma and later over the Duchy of Lucca during the turbulent period of Italian unification.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Charles II, Duke of Parma canonical | 5 |
| Carlo II di Parma | 1 |
| Charles Louis of Etruria | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2892477 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Charles II, Duke of Parma Context triple: [Charles III, Duke of Parma, predecessor, Charles II, Duke of Parma]
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A.
Charles III, Duke of Parma
Charles III, Duke of Parma was a 19th-century Bourbon ruler of the Duchy of Parma, known for his conservative policies and his assassination in 1854.
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B.
Robert I, Duke of Parma
Robert I, Duke of Parma was the last reigning Duke of Parma, known for his long but largely nominal rule following the duchy's annexation to Italy and for being the son of Charles III, Duke of Parma.
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C.
Duke of Parma
The Duke of Parma is a hereditary noble title historically associated with the rulers of the Duchy of Parma in northern Italy.
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D.
Infante Philip, Duke of Parma
Infante Philip, Duke of Parma was an 18th-century Spanish Bourbon prince who became the first Bourbon Duke of Parma and Piacenza, helping to establish Bourbon rule in northern Italy.
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E.
Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma
Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma, was a 16th-century Italian nobleman and ruler of Parma and Piacenza from the influential Farnese family, noted for his political maneuvering within the turbulent Italian Wars and the broader Habsburg–Valois rivalry.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Charles II, Duke of Parma Target entity description: Charles II, Duke of Parma was a 19th-century Bourbon ruler who briefly reigned over the Duchy of Parma and later over the Duchy of Lucca during the turbulent period of Italian unification.
-
A.
Charles III, Duke of Parma
Charles III, Duke of Parma was a 19th-century Bourbon ruler of the Duchy of Parma, known for his conservative policies and his assassination in 1854.
-
B.
Robert I, Duke of Parma
Robert I, Duke of Parma was the last reigning Duke of Parma, known for his long but largely nominal rule following the duchy's annexation to Italy and for being the son of Charles III, Duke of Parma.
-
C.
Duke of Parma
The Duke of Parma is a hereditary noble title historically associated with the rulers of the Duchy of Parma in northern Italy.
-
D.
Infante Philip, Duke of Parma
Infante Philip, Duke of Parma was an 18th-century Spanish Bourbon prince who became the first Bourbon Duke of Parma and Piacenza, helping to establish Bourbon rule in northern Italy.
-
E.
Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma
Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma, was a 16th-century Italian nobleman and ruler of Parma and Piacenza from the influential Farnese family, noted for his political maneuvering within the turbulent Italian Wars and the broader Habsburg–Valois rivalry.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Charles II, Duke of Parma Description of subject: Charles II, Duke of Parma was a 19th-century Bourbon ruler who briefly reigned over the Duchy of Parma and later over the Duchy of Lucca during the turbulent period of Italian unification.
Referenced by (7)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Charles Louis of Etruria
this entity surface form:
Carlo II di Parma