Privileges and Immunities Clause

E2677

constitutional clause provision of the United States Constitution

The Privileges and Immunities Clause is a constitutional provision that prevents states from discriminating against citizens of other states in fundamental rights such as access to courts, property, and employment.

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All labels observed (15)

Label	Occurrences
Privileges and Immunities Clause canonical	19
Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment	9
Privileges or Immunities Clause	7
Article IV Privileges and Immunities Clause	6
Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV of the U.S. Constitution	4
Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV	3
Article IV Privileges and Immunities	1
Comity Clause	1
Privileges and Immunities Clause jurisprudence	1
Privileges and Immunities of state citizenship	1
Privileges and Immunities, Extradition, and Fugitive Slaves	1
Privileges or Immunities Clause protects only rights of national citizenship, not state citizenship	1
The Privileges and Immunities Clause protects the right of citizens to pursue a common calling in other states on substantially equal terms	1
U.S. Const. art. IV, § 2, cl. 1	1
the Privileges and Immunities Clause protects the right of citizens to pursue a common calling in other states	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T17002 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Privileges and Immunities Clause
Context triple: [United States Constitution, contains, Privileges and Immunities Clause]

A. Full Faith and Credit Clause
The Full Faith and Credit Clause is a provision of the U.S. Constitution that requires states to recognize and honor the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of other states.
B. Supremacy Clause
The Supremacy Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that establishes federal law and the Constitution as the highest law of the land, overriding conflicting state laws.
C. Commerce Clause
The Commerce Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that grants Congress the power to regulate trade and economic activity among the states and with foreign nations.
D. Necessary and Proper Clause
The Necessary and Proper Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that grants Congress the authority to enact laws needed to execute its enumerated powers, forming the basis for implied federal powers.
E. Free Exercise Clause
The Free Exercise Clause is a provision of the U.S. Constitution that protects individuals’ rights to practice their religion without undue government interference.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Privileges and Immunities Clause
Target entity description: The Privileges and Immunities Clause is a constitutional provision that prevents states from discriminating against citizens of other states in fundamental rights such as access to courts, property, and employment.

A. Full Faith and Credit Clause
The Full Faith and Credit Clause is a provision of the U.S. Constitution that requires states to recognize and honor the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of other states.
B. Supremacy Clause
The Supremacy Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that establishes federal law and the Constitution as the highest law of the land, overriding conflicting state laws.
C. Commerce Clause
The Commerce Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that grants Congress the power to regulate trade and economic activity among the states and with foreign nations.
D. Necessary and Proper Clause
The Necessary and Proper Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that grants Congress the authority to enact laws needed to execute its enumerated powers, forming the basis for implied federal powers.
E. Free Exercise Clause
The Free Exercise Clause is a provision of the U.S. Constitution that protects individuals’ rights to practice their religion without undue government interference.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (41)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	constitutional clause ⓘ provision of the United States Constitution ⓘ
allows	reasonable, nonprotectionist distinctions between residents and nonresidents ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ surface form: Comity Clause
appliesTo	citizens of the several states ⓘ state executive action ⓘ state legislation ⓘ
citation	Privileges and Immunities Clause self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: U.S. Const. art. IV, § 2, cl. 1
constitutionalFunction	to help create a national economic union ⓘ to secure equal treatment for out-of-state citizens in fundamental matters ⓘ
distinctFrom	Commerce Clause ⓘ surface form: Dormant Commerce Clause Privileges and Immunities Clause self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
doesNotApplyTo	nonfundamental activities such as recreational hunting ⓘ
doesNotProtect	corporations ⓘ non-citizen aliens ⓘ
doesNotRequire	identical treatment in all circumstances ⓘ
enforcedThrough	federal judicial review ⓘ
foundIn	Article IV ⓘ surface form: Article IV of the United States Constitution
historicalSource	Articles of Confederation ⓘ surface form: Articles of Confederation comity provisions
interpretedBy	Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ
keyCase	Baldwin v. Fish and Game Commission of Montana ⓘ Corfield v. Coryell ⓘ Paul v. Virginia ⓘ Saenz v. Roe ⓘ Supreme Court of New Hampshire v. Piper ⓘ Toomer v. Witsell ⓘ United Building & Construction Trades Council v. Mayor and Council of Camden ⓘ
limits	economic protectionism by states ⓘ state discrimination against nonresidents ⓘ
protects	access to courts ⓘ fundamental rights of out-of-state citizens ⓘ the right to own and transfer property ⓘ the right to pursue a common calling ⓘ the right to pursue employment ⓘ the right to travel between states in connection with fundamental rights ⓘ
purpose	to prevent a state from discriminating against citizens of other states ⓘ
relatedTo	interstate comity ⓘ national unity ⓘ
requires	close relationship between discriminatory means and state objectives ⓘ substantial reason for discrimination against nonresidents ⓘ
textBeginsWith	"The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States." ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (57)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

United States Constitution → contains → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Full Faith and Credit Clause → distinguishedFrom → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Fourteenth Amendment → containsClause → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

subject surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause

Privileges and Immunities Clause → alsoKnownAs → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Comity Clause

Privileges and Immunities Clause → distinctFrom → Privileges and Immunities Clause self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Privileges and Immunities Clause → citation → Privileges and Immunities Clause self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: U.S. Const. art. IV, § 2, cl. 1

Article IV → containsClause → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

subject surface form: Article IV of the United States Constitution

Article IV → Section 2Title → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

subject surface form: Article IV of the United States Constitution

this entity surface form: Privileges and Immunities, Extradition, and Fugitive Slaves

Due Process Clause → relatedTo → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause

Enforcement Clause → relatedTo → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Corfield v. Coryell → appliesConstitutionalProvision → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article IV Privileges and Immunities Clause

United Building & Construction Trades Council v. Mayor and Council of Camden → legalIssue → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article IV Privileges and Immunities

United Building & Construction Trades Council v. Mayor and Council of Camden → constitutionalClauseInterpreted → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Supreme Court of New Hampshire v. Piper → legalSubject → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Supreme Court of New Hampshire v. Piper → constitutionalBasisOfChallenge → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV

Baldwin v. Fish and Game Commission of Montana → legalIssue → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV

Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution → relatedTo → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Paul v. Virginia → legalIssue → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV

Saenz v. Roe → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Toomer v. Witsell → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article IV Privileges and Immunities Clause

Toomer v. Witsell → holding → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: The Privileges and Immunities Clause protects the right of citizens to pursue a common calling in other states on substantially equal terms

Incorporation doctrine → usesClause → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Extradition Clause → relatedTo → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Guarantee Clause → distinctFrom → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Corfield → legalIssueInvolved → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Corfield → constitutionalProvisionInvolved → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article IV Privileges and Immunities Clause

Hicklin v. Orbeck → legalSubject → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Hicklin v. Orbeck → reasoning → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: the Privileges and Immunities Clause protects the right of citizens to pursue a common calling in other states

Supreme Court of Virginia v. Friedman → legalIssue → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Supreme Court of Virginia v. Friedman → constitutionalProvision → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article IV Privileges and Immunities Clause

Barnard v. Thorstenn → legalSubject → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Barnard v. Thorstenn → constitutionalProvisionInvolved → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article IV Privileges and Immunities Clause

Article IV, Section 2 of the United States Constitution → hasPart → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Article IV, Section 2 of the United States Constitution → containsClause → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Article IV, Section 2 of the United States Constitution → legalDoctrine → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges and Immunities of state citizenship

Article IV, Section 2 of the United States Constitution → relatedTo → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment → enforces → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause

Article IV of the United States Constitution → subjectOf → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Article IV of the United States Constitution → hasClause → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Kathryn A. Piper → constitutionalProvisionInvolved → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV of the U.S. Constitution

Coryell → associatedWithLegalDoctrine → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Roe → relatedToLegalDoctrine → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

subject surface form: Roe (party in Saenz v. Roe)

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Saenz → legalIssue → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

subject surface form: Saenz v. Roe

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Saenz → interprets → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

subject surface form: Saenz v. Roe

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause

Slaughter-House Cases → involvesClause → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause

Slaughter-House Cases → interprets → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Slaughter-House Cases → holding → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause protects only rights of national citizenship, not state citizenship

Toomer → legalIssueInvolved → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV of the U.S. Constitution

Toomer → constitutionalProvisionInvoked → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article IV Privileges and Immunities Clause

All labels observed (15)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (41)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (57)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited