Paul v. Virginia
E21372
Paul v. Virginia is an 1869 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held corporations are not “citizens” under the Constitution’s Privileges and Immunities Clause, allowing states to regulate foreign insurance companies.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Paul v. Virginia canonical | 4 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T132266 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Paul v. Virginia Context triple: [Privileges and Immunities Clause, keyCase, Paul v. Virginia]
-
A.
Loving v. Virginia
Loving v. Virginia is a landmark 1967 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down state laws banning interracial marriage, affirming marriage as a fundamental right under the Fourteenth Amendment.
-
B.
Bolling v. Sharpe
Bolling v. Sharpe is a 1954 U.S. Supreme Court case that held racial segregation in Washington, D.C. public schools unconstitutional under the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause.
-
C.
Gibbons v. Ogden
Gibbons v. Ogden was an 1824 U.S. Supreme Court case that broadly affirmed federal power over interstate commerce, significantly strengthening national authority relative to the states.
-
D.
Briggs v. Elliott
Briggs v. Elliott was a landmark federal court case from South Carolina challenging racial segregation in public schools, and it became one of the key cases consolidated into Brown v. Board of Education.
-
E.
Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County was a landmark civil rights case challenging racial segregation in Virginia’s public schools that became one of the five cases consolidated into the U.S. Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education decision.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Paul v. Virginia Target entity description: Paul v. Virginia is an 1869 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held corporations are not “citizens” under the Constitution’s Privileges and Immunities Clause, allowing states to regulate foreign insurance companies.
-
A.
Loving v. Virginia
Loving v. Virginia is a landmark 1967 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down state laws banning interracial marriage, affirming marriage as a fundamental right under the Fourteenth Amendment.
-
B.
Bolling v. Sharpe
Bolling v. Sharpe is a 1954 U.S. Supreme Court case that held racial segregation in Washington, D.C. public schools unconstitutional under the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause.
-
C.
Gibbons v. Ogden
Gibbons v. Ogden was an 1824 U.S. Supreme Court case that broadly affirmed federal power over interstate commerce, significantly strengthening national authority relative to the states.
-
D.
Briggs v. Elliott
Briggs v. Elliott was a landmark federal court case from South Carolina challenging racial segregation in public schools, and it became one of the key cases consolidated into Brown v. Board of Education.
-
E.
Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County was a landmark civil rights case challenging racial segregation in Virginia’s public schools that became one of the five cases consolidated into the U.S. Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education decision.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (43)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Privileges and Immunities Clause case
ⓘ
U.S. constitutional law case ⓘ United States Supreme Court case ⓘ |
| affectedArea |
interstate insurance business
ⓘ
state police power over business regulation ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
constitutional law
ⓘ
corporate law ⓘ insurance regulation ⓘ |
| branchOfGovernment | judicial branch of the United States government ⓘ |
| citation | 75 U.S. (8 Wall.) 168 ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvisionInterpreted |
Article IV, Section 2 of the United States Constitution
ⓘ
surface form:
Article IV, Section 2, Privileges and Immunities Clause
Commerce Clause ⓘ
surface form:
Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution
|
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 1869-03-01 ⓘ |
| decisionType | reported decision ⓘ |
| defendant |
Virginia
ⓘ
surface form:
Commonwealth of Virginia
|
| fullCaseName | Paul v. Virginia self-link ⓘ |
| holding |
A corporation is not a citizen within the meaning of the Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV of the U.S. Constitution.
ⓘ
Issuing an insurance policy is not commerce within the meaning of the Commerce Clause. ⓘ States may regulate and impose conditions on foreign insurance companies doing business within their borders. ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| languageOfProceeding | English ⓘ |
| laterLimitedBy | United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Association ⓘ |
| legalDoctrine | corporations are not citizens for Article IV Privileges and Immunities purposes ⓘ |
| legalIssue |
Privileges and Immunities Clause
ⓘ
surface form:
Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV
state regulation of foreign corporations ⓘ status of corporations as citizens ⓘ |
| pageInUnitedStatesReports | 168 ⓘ |
| party |
Virginia
ⓘ
surface form:
Commonwealth of Virginia
Samuel B. Paul ⓘ |
| plaintiff | Samuel B. Paul ⓘ |
| precedentFor |
limitation of corporate access to Privileges and Immunities Clause
ⓘ
state power to regulate foreign corporations ⓘ |
| reporter | United States Reports ⓘ |
| result | judgment for Virginia ⓘ |
| shortDescription | U.S. Supreme Court case holding that corporations are not citizens under the Privileges and Immunities Clause and upholding state regulation of foreign insurance companies. ⓘ |
| stateInvolved | Virginia ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
corporate citizenship for constitutional purposes
ⓘ
licensing of out-of-state insurance companies ⓘ |
| timePeriod | 19th century ⓘ |
| volumeInUnitedStatesReports | 75 ⓘ |
| yearDecided | 1869 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Paul v. Virginia Description of subject: Paul v. Virginia is an 1869 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held corporations are not “citizens” under the Constitution’s Privileges and Immunities Clause, allowing states to regulate foreign insurance companies.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.