EU Birds Directive
E195444
The EU Birds Directive is a key piece of European Union legislation aimed at conserving all wild bird species and their habitats across member states.
All labels observed (6)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| EU Birds Directive canonical | 11 |
| Birds Directive | 3 |
| European Union Birds Directive | 3 |
| EU Birds Directive 2009/147/EC | 1 |
| EU Birds Directive Annex I | 1 |
| EU Birds Directive sites | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1761218 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: EU Birds Directive Context triple: [Aquila fasciata, protectedBy, EU Birds Directive]
-
A.
Convention on Migratory Species
The Convention on Migratory Species is a global environmental treaty under the United Nations that aims to conserve migratory animal species and their habitats across national borders.
-
B.
Migratory Bird Conservation Act
The Migratory Bird Conservation Act is a U.S. law that established a program and funding mechanism to acquire and protect habitats essential for the conservation of migratory birds.
-
C.
BirdLife International
BirdLife International is a global partnership of conservation organizations dedicated to protecting birds, their habitats, and global biodiversity.
-
D.
Natura 2000 network
The Natura 2000 network is a European Union–wide system of protected areas aimed at conserving threatened habitats and species across member states.
-
E.
Migratory Bird Treaty Act
The Migratory Bird Treaty Act is a U.S. federal law that protects migratory bird species by prohibiting their unauthorized taking, killing, or possession.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: EU Birds Directive Target entity description: The EU Birds Directive is a key piece of European Union legislation aimed at conserving all wild bird species and their habitats across member states.
-
A.
Convention on Migratory Species
The Convention on Migratory Species is a global environmental treaty under the United Nations that aims to conserve migratory animal species and their habitats across national borders.
-
B.
Migratory Bird Conservation Act
The Migratory Bird Conservation Act is a U.S. law that established a program and funding mechanism to acquire and protect habitats essential for the conservation of migratory birds.
-
C.
BirdLife International
BirdLife International is a global partnership of conservation organizations dedicated to protecting birds, their habitats, and global biodiversity.
-
D.
Natura 2000 network
The Natura 2000 network is a European Union–wide system of protected areas aimed at conserving threatened habitats and species across member states.
-
E.
Migratory Bird Treaty Act
The Migratory Bird Treaty Act is a U.S. federal law that protects migratory bird species by prohibiting their unauthorized taking, killing, or possession.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (53)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
European Union directive
ⓘ
environmental law ⓘ nature conservation instrument ⓘ |
| adoptedOn | 2009-11-30 ⓘ |
| aimsTo |
conserve bird species and their habitats
ⓘ
maintain bird populations at a level corresponding to ecological, scientific and cultural requirements ⓘ prevent the decline of wild bird populations ⓘ protect all wild birds in the European Union ⓘ regulate the exploitation of wild birds ⓘ |
| allows | hunting of certain species under strict conditions ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
all wild bird species naturally occurring in the European Union
ⓘ
bird habitats within EU member states ⓘ |
| bindingOn | all EU member states ⓘ |
| citation | OJ L 20, 26.1.2010, p. 7–25 ⓘ |
| complements |
Council Directive 92/43/EEC
ⓘ
surface form:
EU Habitats Directive
|
| containsAnnex |
Annex I (species requiring special conservation measures)
ⓘ
Annex II (huntable species) ⓘ Annex III (species that may be traded under conditions) ⓘ Annex IV (prohibited means of capture and killing) ⓘ Annex V (research and reporting requirements) ⓘ |
| covers |
protection of bird breeding areas
ⓘ
protection of bird migration staging posts ⓘ protection of bird moulting areas ⓘ protection of bird nesting sites ⓘ protection of bird wintering areas ⓘ |
| enforcedBy | European Commission ⓘ |
| enteredIntoForceOn | 2010-04-15 ⓘ |
| establishes | network of Special Protection Areas (SPAs) ⓘ |
| focusesOn |
migratory species not listed in Annex I
ⓘ
species listed in Annex I ⓘ |
| implementedThrough | national legislation of EU member states ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | European Union ⓘ |
| language | all official languages of the European Union ⓘ |
| legalBasis | Article 192 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union ⓘ |
| monitoredBy | European Environment Agency ⓘ |
| obliges | member states to preserve, maintain or re-establish sufficient diversity and area of habitats for birds ⓘ |
| officialName |
Directive 2009/147/EC
ⓘ
surface form:
Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the conservation of wild birds
|
| partOf |
Natura 2000 network
ⓘ
surface form:
Natura 2000 network framework
|
| policyArea |
biodiversity conservation
ⓘ
environmental protection ⓘ |
| prohibits |
deliberate killing of wild birds
ⓘ
destruction of bird nests and eggs ⓘ disturbance of birds particularly during breeding and rearing ⓘ taking of eggs in the wild ⓘ |
| recastOf |
Council Directive 79/409/EEC
ⓘ
surface form:
Council Directive 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds
|
| regulates | hunting of wild birds ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention)
ⓘ
Convention on Migratory Species ⓘ
surface form:
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention)
|
| replaced | Council Directive 79/409/EEC ⓘ |
| requires |
designation of Special Protection Areas for birds
ⓘ
monitoring of bird populations ⓘ reporting by member states to the European Commission ⓘ |
| shortName |
EU Birds Directive
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Birds Directive
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: EU Birds Directive Description of subject: The EU Birds Directive is a key piece of European Union legislation aimed at conserving all wild bird species and their habitats across member states.
Referenced by (20)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
European Union Birds Directive
this entity surface form:
European Union Birds Directive
this entity surface form:
Birds Directive
this entity surface form:
European Union Birds Directive
this entity surface form:
Birds Directive
this entity surface form:
Birds Directive
this entity surface form:
EU Birds Directive 2009/147/EC
this entity surface form:
EU Birds Directive sites
this entity surface form:
EU Birds Directive Annex I