Bornean languages
E146305
Bornean languages are a subgroup of the Malayo-Polynesian language family spoken on the island of Borneo, encompassing diverse indigenous languages of Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia.
All labels observed (6)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Dayak languages | 4 |
| Bornean languages canonical | 3 |
| Malayic Dayak languages | 1 |
| Melanau–Kajang languages | 1 |
| Penan language | 1 |
| Sarawak languages | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1223892 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bornean languages Context triple: [Malayo-Polynesian languages, hasSubgroup, Bornean languages]
-
A.
Rejang languages
The Rejang languages are a small group of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in southwestern Sumatra, Indonesia, known for their distinctive phonology and use of the traditional Rejang script.
-
B.
Malayic languages
Malayic languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian language family that includes Malay, Indonesian, and closely related languages spoken primarily in Maritime Southeast Asia.
-
C.
Penutian languages
Penutian languages are a proposed family of Native American languages spoken primarily in the western United States, noted for their controversial genetic relationships and inclusion of several distinct regional language groups.
-
D.
Kedayan language
The Kedayan language is an Austronesian language spoken primarily by the Kedayan people of Brunei, Sabah, and parts of Borneo, closely related to Malay and other Greater North Borneo languages.
-
E.
Banggai language
The Banggai language is an Austronesian language spoken by the Banggai people in the Banggai Islands and nearby coastal areas of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bornean languages Target entity description: Bornean languages are a subgroup of the Malayo-Polynesian language family spoken on the island of Borneo, encompassing diverse indigenous languages of Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia.
-
A.
Rejang languages
The Rejang languages are a small group of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in southwestern Sumatra, Indonesia, known for their distinctive phonology and use of the traditional Rejang script.
-
B.
Malayic languages
Malayic languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian language family that includes Malay, Indonesian, and closely related languages spoken primarily in Maritime Southeast Asia.
-
C.
Penutian languages
Penutian languages are a proposed family of Native American languages spoken primarily in the western United States, noted for their controversial genetic relationships and inclusion of several distinct regional language groups.
-
D.
Kedayan language
The Kedayan language is an Austronesian language spoken primarily by the Kedayan people of Brunei, Sabah, and parts of Borneo, closely related to Malay and other Greater North Borneo languages.
-
E.
Banggai language
The Banggai language is an Austronesian language spoken by the Banggai people in the Banggai Islands and nearby coastal areas of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Austronesian languages subgroup
ⓘ
language subgroup ⓘ |
| arealGrouping | Borneo ⓘ |
| characteristic |
high linguistic diversity
ⓘ
many are minority and endangered languages ⓘ |
| geographicDistribution | island of Borneo ⓘ |
| hasSubgroup |
Barito languages subgroup
ⓘ
surface form:
Barito languages
Barito–Mahakam languages ⓘ Bidayuhic languages ⓘ Dusunic languages ⓘ Barito languages subgroup ⓘ
surface form:
Greater Barito languages
Kayanic languages ⓘ Mahakam languages ⓘ
surface form:
Kayan–Murik languages
Kenyah languages ⓘ Kenyahic languages ⓘ Land Dayak languages ⓘ Bornean languages self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
Melanau–Kajang languages
Murutic languages ⓘ Greater North Borneo languages ⓘ
surface form:
North Bornean languages
Saluan–Banggai languages ⓘ
surface form:
Punan–Nibong languages
Sabahan languages ⓘ Bornean languages self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
Sarawak languages
|
| includesLanguage |
Bakumpai language
ⓘ
Banjar language ⓘ Bidayuh language ⓘ Bruneian Malay ⓘ
surface form:
Brunei Malay
Iban language ⓘ Kadazan Dusun language ⓘ Kayan language ⓘ Kayan language ⓘ
surface form:
Kelabit language
Kenyah languages ⓘ
surface form:
Kenyah language
Lun Bawang language ⓘ Maanyan language ⓘ Melanau language ⓘ Murut language ⓘ Ngaju language ⓘ Punan languages ⓘ Sama–Bajaw languages subgroup ⓘ
surface form:
Sama–Bajaw languages
|
| languageFamily | Malayo-Polynesian languages ⓘ |
| partOf |
Austronesian languages
ⓘ
surface form:
Austronesian language family
|
| region |
Brunei Darussalam
ⓘ
Kalimantan ⓘ Sabah ⓘ Sarawak ⓘ |
| spokenBy | indigenous peoples of Borneo ⓘ |
| spokenIn |
Borneo
ⓘ
Brunei Darussalam ⓘ
surface form:
Brunei
Indonesia ⓘ Malaysia ⓘ |
| subclassOf | Malayo-Polynesian languages ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Bornean languages Description of subject: Bornean languages are a subgroup of the Malayo-Polynesian language family spoken on the island of Borneo, encompassing diverse indigenous languages of Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia.
Referenced by (11)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Dayak languages
this entity surface form:
Sarawak languages
this entity surface form:
Melanau–Kajang languages
this entity surface form:
Dayak languages
this entity surface form:
Malayic Dayak languages
this entity surface form:
Dayak languages
this entity surface form:
Dayak languages