Tolman
E145213
Tolman is a surname most notably associated with Richard C. Tolman, an American physicist and physical chemist known for his work in statistical mechanics and cosmology.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Tolman canonical | 4 |
| Cache Tolman | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1263687 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Tolman Context triple: [Richard C. Tolman, familyName, Tolman]
-
A.
Dewey
Dewey is the main town and administrative center of the island-municipality of Culebra, Puerto Rico.
-
B.
Dewey
Dewey is a surname most famously associated with George Dewey, the U.S. naval officer celebrated for his victory at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish–American War.
-
C.
Ehrlich
Ehrlich is a German-origin surname borne by numerous notable individuals across fields such as science, medicine, and the arts.
-
D.
Sylvester
Sylvester is a classic Looney Tunes cartoon cat best known for his lisping voice and comical attempts to catch Tweety Bird.
-
E.
Nourse
Nourse is a surname and variant spelling of "Nurse," historically associated with English-speaking families and occasionally used as a place or business name.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Tolman Target entity description: Tolman is a surname most notably associated with Richard C. Tolman, an American physicist and physical chemist known for his work in statistical mechanics and cosmology.
-
A.
Dewey
Dewey is the main town and administrative center of the island-municipality of Culebra, Puerto Rico.
-
B.
Dewey
Dewey is a surname most famously associated with George Dewey, the U.S. naval officer celebrated for his victory at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish–American War.
-
C.
Ehrlich
Ehrlich is a German-origin surname borne by numerous notable individuals across fields such as science, medicine, and the arts.
-
D.
Sylvester
Sylvester is a classic Looney Tunes cartoon cat best known for his lisping voice and comical attempts to catch Tweety Bird.
-
E.
Nourse
Nourse is a surname and variant spelling of "Nurse," historically associated with English-speaking families and occasionally used as a place or business name.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (31)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
American scientist
ⓘ
family name ⓘ person ⓘ physical chemist ⓘ physicist ⓘ surname ⓘ |
| countryOfCitizenship | United States of America ⓘ |
| employer | California Institute of Technology ⓘ |
| fieldOfWork |
cosmology
ⓘ
physical chemistry ⓘ statistical mechanics ⓘ thermodynamics ⓘ |
| hasAcademicDiscipline |
physical chemistry
ⓘ
theoretical physics ⓘ |
| hasCategory |
English-language surnames
ⓘ
surnames of English origin ⓘ |
| hasFamilyName | Tolman self-linksurface differs ⓘ |
| hasGivenName | Richard ⓘ |
| hasLanguageOfOrigin | English ⓘ |
| hasNotableBearer | Richard C. Tolman ⓘ |
| knownFor |
Tolman length in surface thermodynamics
ⓘ
Tolman–Ehrenfest effect ⓘ
surface form:
Tolman relation in relativistic thermodynamics
Tolman surface brightness test ⓘ
surface form:
Tolman surface brightness test in cosmology
Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit ⓘ
surface form:
Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit
applications of statistical mechanics to relativistic systems ⓘ work on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes ⓘ |
| memberOf |
National Academy of Sciences
ⓘ
surface form:
National Academy of Sciences (United States)
|
| notableWork |
Relativity, Thermodynamics and Cosmology
ⓘ
surface form:
Relativity, Thermodynamics and Cosmology (book)
The Principles of Statistical Mechanics ⓘ
surface form:
The Principles of Statistical Mechanics (book)
|
| occupation | university professor ⓘ |
| spouse | Ruth Sherman Tolman ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Tolman Description of subject: Tolman is a surname most notably associated with Richard C. Tolman, an American physicist and physical chemist known for his work in statistical mechanics and cosmology.
Referenced by (6)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Richard C. Tolman
this entity surface form:
Cache Tolman