United States courts of appeals

E1207

federal appellate court system intermediate appellate court

The United States courts of appeals are the federal intermediate appellate courts that review decisions from district courts and federal agencies before potential review by the Supreme Court.

Try in SPARQL Jump to: Surface forms Disambiguation Statements Elicitation Referenced by

All labels observed (18)

Label	Occurrences
United States courts of appeals canonical	61
United States Courts of Appeals	21
U.S. courts of appeals	8
United States circuit courts	6
U.S. federal courts of appeals	3
U.S. Courts of Appeals	2
United States circuit courts of appeals	2
United States federal courts of appeals	2
United States federal courts of appeals system	2
Article III courts of the United States	1
United States Circuit Courts of Appeals	1
United States Court of Appeals	1
United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces	1
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit	1
United States court of appeals	1
United States court of appeals for the relevant circuit	1
United States courts of appeals (in certain respects)	1
United States federal appellate courts	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T16913 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: United States courts of appeals
Context triple: [Supreme Court of the United States, appealsFrom, United States courts of appeals]

A. Supreme Court and lower courts
The Supreme Court and lower courts in Japan together constitute the nation’s independent judiciary, responsible for interpreting the constitution, applying laws, and resolving legal disputes.
B. Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest federal court in the U.S. judiciary, serving as the final arbiter of constitutional and federal law.
C. Judiciary of Japan
The Judiciary of Japan is the independent court system headed by the Supreme Court that interprets and applies Japanese law, including the constitution, civil, and criminal statutes.
D. Supreme Court of Puerto Rico
The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico is the highest judicial authority in Puerto Rico, responsible for interpreting the territory’s constitution and laws and overseeing its court system.
E. Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court is the highest appellate court in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, serving as its court of last resort and one of the oldest continuously functioning appellate courts in the United States.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: United States courts of appeals
Target entity description: The United States courts of appeals are the federal intermediate appellate courts that review decisions from district courts and federal agencies before potential review by the Supreme Court.

A. Supreme Court and lower courts
The Supreme Court and lower courts in Japan together constitute the nation’s independent judiciary, responsible for interpreting the constitution, applying laws, and resolving legal disputes.
B. Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest federal court in the U.S. judiciary, serving as the final arbiter of constitutional and federal law.
C. Judiciary of Japan
The Judiciary of Japan is the independent court system headed by the Supreme Court that interprets and applies Japanese law, including the constitution, civil, and criminal statutes.
D. Supreme Court of Puerto Rico
The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico is the highest judicial authority in Puerto Rico, responsible for interpreting the territory’s constitution and laws and overseeing its court system.
E. Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court is the highest appellate court in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, serving as its court of last resort and one of the oldest continuously functioning appellate courts in the United States.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (49)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	federal appellate court system ⓘ intermediate appellate court ⓘ
above	United States district courts ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	United States courts of appeals ⓘ surface form: U.S. courts of appeals circuit courts ⓘ federal courts of appeals ⓘ
appealsTo	Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ
appointingAuthority	President of the United States ⓘ
below	Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ
bindingPrecedentFor	United States district courts within the same circuit ⓘ
composition	panels of three judges in most cases ⓘ
constitutionalBasis	Article III ⓘ surface form: Article III of the United States Constitution
country	United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
dateEstablished	1891 ⓘ
decides	appeals as of right ⓘ
establishedBy	United States Congress ⓘ surface form: Congress of the United States
governingLaw	Judiciary Act of 1891 ⓘ
hasSpecializedCourt	United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ⓘ
hasSubdivision	regional circuits ⓘ specialized circuit ⓘ
includes	United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ⓘ United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit ⓘ United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit ⓘ United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ⓘ United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ⓘ United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit ⓘ United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit ⓘ United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ⓘ United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ⓘ United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit ⓘ United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ⓘ United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit ⓘ United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ⓘ
judgesConfirmedBy	United States Senate ⓘ
judgesTerm	during good behavior ⓘ
jurisdiction	appeals from United States district courts ⓘ appeals from certain federal administrative agencies ⓘ federal question cases ⓘ
levelInSystem	intermediate appellate level ⓘ
location	various regional circuits across the United States ⓘ
mayIssue	published opinions ⓘ unpublished opinions ⓘ
maySitEnBanc	yes ⓘ
numberOfCourts	13 ⓘ
partOf	federal judiciary of the United States ⓘ
primaryFunction	error correction ⓘ
reviews	decisions of United States district courts ⓘ decisions of federal agencies ⓘ
secondaryFunction	law declaration and precedent setting ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (116)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Supreme Court of the United States → appealsFrom → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

this entity surface form: United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces

Supreme Court of the United States → appealsFrom → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

this entity surface form: United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

United States courts of appeals → alsoKnownAs → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

this entity surface form: U.S. courts of appeals

Internal Revenue Code → interpretedBy → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

this entity surface form: United States Courts of Appeals

federal judiciary of the United States → includesCourt → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

Judicial Conference of the United States → jurisdiction → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

Judiciary Act of 1789 → createdCourt → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

this entity surface form: United States circuit courts

Judiciary Act of 1789 → definedJurisdictionOf → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

this entity surface form: United States circuit courts

Tax Division → litigatesIn → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

this entity surface form: United States Courts of Appeals

Administrative Review Board → decisionReviewableBy → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

Benefits Review Board → appealsTo → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

this entity surface form: U.S. courts of appeals

Judiciary Act of 1891 → createdCourt → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

this entity surface form: United States circuit courts of appeals

Judiciary Act of 1891 → transferredJurisdictionFrom → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

this entity surface form: United States circuit courts

Judiciary Act of 1891 → transferredJurisdictionTo → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

Office of the Solicitor General → worksWith → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

this entity surface form: United States Courts of Appeals

Office of the Solicitor General → appearsBefore → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

this entity surface form: United States Courts of Appeals

United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit → partOf → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

United States district courts → hasHigherCourt → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

United States law → interpretedBy → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

Assistant United States Attorneys → mayAppearBefore → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

subject surface form: Assistant United States Attorney

this entity surface form: United States Courts of Appeals

Title 28 – Judiciary and Judicial Procedure → governs → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

subject surface form: Title 28 of the United States Code

United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit → partOf → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

this entity surface form: United States Courts of Appeals

United States Tax Court → appealsTo → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

this entity surface form: United States Courts of Appeals

United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit → partOf → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit → partOf → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

United States bankruptcy courts → appealsTo → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

United States bankruptcy courts → judgesAppointedBy → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

United States bankruptcy courts → relatedTo → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

Administrative Office of the United States Courts → appliesTo → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

rules of evidence for the federal courts → interpretedBy → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

subject surface form: Federal Rules of Evidence

United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit → partOf → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

this entity surface form: United States Courts of Appeals

United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit → partOf → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit → partOf → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit → partOf → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

United States Federal Rules of Civil Procedure → appliesToCourtSystem → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

this entity surface form: United States courts of appeals (in certain respects)

United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit → partOf → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

Committee on Security and Facilities → scope → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

Judicial Code of 1911 → affectedCourt → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

Committee on the Budget → appliesTo → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit → partOf → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

United States territorial courts → appealsTo → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit → partOf → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

Civil Division of the United States Department of Justice → litigatesIn → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

Appellate Section → handlesCasesIn → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

this entity surface form: U.S. courts of appeals

Environmental Defense Section → litigatesIn → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

United States in tax litigation → hasVenue → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act → furtherAppealsTo → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

Defense Base Act → furtherAppealTo → United States courts of appeals ⓘ

this entity surface form: U.S. Courts of Appeals

All labels observed (18)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (49)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (116)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited