Reynolds v. Sims decision
E108741
The Reynolds v. Sims decision is a landmark 1964 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that established the “one person, one vote” principle by requiring state legislative districts to be roughly equal in population under the Equal Protection Clause.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Reynolds v. Sims | 6 |
| Reynolds v. Sims decision canonical | 1 |
| United States Supreme Court cases on legislative apportionment | 1 |
| Wesberry v. Sanders | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T914323 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Reynolds v. Sims decision Context triple: [Earl Warren, notableWork, Reynolds v. Sims decision]
-
A.
South Carolina v. Katzenbach
South Carolina v. Katzenbach is a 1966 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of key provisions of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, affirming broad federal power to combat racial discrimination in voting.
-
B.
Katzenbach v. McClung
Katzenbach v. McClung is a 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal government’s power to prohibit racial discrimination in local restaurants under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
-
C.
Shaw v. Reno
Shaw v. Reno is a 1993 U.S. Supreme Court case that limited the use of race in legislative redistricting by holding that bizarrely shaped, race-based districts can violate the Constitution.
-
D.
Craig v. Boren
Craig v. Boren is a 1976 U.S. Supreme Court case that established intermediate scrutiny as the standard for evaluating gender-based classifications under the Equal Protection Clause.
-
E.
Katzenbach v. Morgan
Katzenbach v. Morgan is a 1966 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld Congress’s power under the Fourteenth Amendment to prohibit certain state voting restrictions, reinforcing federal authority to protect voting rights.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Reynolds v. Sims decision Target entity description: The Reynolds v. Sims decision is a landmark 1964 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that established the “one person, one vote” principle by requiring state legislative districts to be roughly equal in population under the Equal Protection Clause.
-
A.
South Carolina v. Katzenbach
South Carolina v. Katzenbach is a 1966 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of key provisions of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, affirming broad federal power to combat racial discrimination in voting.
-
B.
Katzenbach v. McClung
Katzenbach v. McClung is a 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal government’s power to prohibit racial discrimination in local restaurants under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
-
C.
Shaw v. Reno
Shaw v. Reno is a 1993 U.S. Supreme Court case that limited the use of race in legislative redistricting by holding that bizarrely shaped, race-based districts can violate the Constitution.
-
D.
Craig v. Boren
Craig v. Boren is a 1976 U.S. Supreme Court case that established intermediate scrutiny as the standard for evaluating gender-based classifications under the Equal Protection Clause.
-
E.
Katzenbach v. Morgan
Katzenbach v. Morgan is a 1966 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld Congress’s power under the Fourteenth Amendment to prohibit certain state voting restrictions, reinforcing federal authority to protect voting rights.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court decision
ⓘ
landmark voting rights case ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
bicameral state legislatures
ⓘ
state house of representatives districts ⓘ state senate districts ⓘ unicameral state legislatures ⓘ |
| category |
1964 in United States case law
ⓘ
United States Supreme Court cases ⓘ
surface form:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Warren Court
Reynolds v. Sims decision self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
United States Supreme Court cases on legislative apportionment
|
| chiefJusticeAtTime | Earl Warren ⓘ |
| citation | 377 U.S. 533 ⓘ |
| constitutionalBasis | Equal Protection Clause ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvisionInterpreted |
Equal Protection Clause
ⓘ
surface form:
Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
|
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 1964-06-15 ⓘ |
| defendants |
Alabama Legislature
ⓘ
surface form:
Alabama state election officials
|
| dissentingJustice |
John M. Harlan II
ⓘ
surface form:
John Marshall Harlan II
|
| effect |
required redistricting of many state legislatures
ⓘ
shifted political power from rural areas to urban and suburban areas ⓘ strengthened the principle of equal representation for equal numbers of people ⓘ |
| fullName |
Reynolds v. Sims decision
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Reynolds v. Sims
|
| holding |
both houses of a bicameral state legislature must be apportioned substantially on a population basis
ⓘ
geographic or political subdivision boundaries alone cannot justify large population disparities between districts ⓘ malapportioned state legislative districts can violate the Equal Protection Clause ⓘ state legislative districts must be apportioned on a population basis ⓘ state legislative districts must be substantially equal in population ⓘ |
| impact | established nationwide requirement for population-based state legislative apportionment ⓘ |
| issue | malapportionment of Alabama state legislative districts ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | state legislative apportionment ⓘ |
| legalArea |
constitutional law
ⓘ
election law ⓘ voting rights ⓘ |
| legalStandard | substantially equal population among legislative districts ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy | Earl Warren ⓘ |
| plaintiffs | voters from Jefferson County, Alabama ⓘ |
| precededByCase | Baker v. Carr ⓘ |
| principleEstablished | one person, one vote ⓘ |
| relatedCase |
Avery v. Midland County
ⓘ
Gray v. Sanders ⓘ Lucas v. Forty-Fourth General Assembly of Colorado ⓘ Wesberry v. Sanders ⓘ |
| relatedDoctrine | justiciability of apportionment cases ⓘ |
| sloganAssociated | one person, one vote ⓘ |
| stateInvolved | Alabama ⓘ |
| term | 1963 Term of the U.S. Supreme Court ⓘ |
| voteSplit | 8–1 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Reynolds v. Sims decision Description of subject: The Reynolds v. Sims decision is a landmark 1964 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that established the “one person, one vote” principle by requiring state legislative districts to be roughly equal in population under the Equal Protection Clause.
Referenced by (9)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
One man, one vote
this entity surface form:
Reynolds v. Sims
subject surface form:
One man, one vote
this entity surface form:
Wesberry v. Sanders
this entity surface form:
Reynolds v. Sims
this entity surface form:
Reynolds v. Sims
this entity surface form:
United States Supreme Court cases on legislative apportionment
this entity surface form:
Reynolds v. Sims
this entity surface form:
Reynolds v. Sims
this entity surface form:
Reynolds v. Sims