Avery v. Midland County
E474598
Avery v. Midland County is a 1968 U.S. Supreme Court case that extended the "one person, one vote" principle to local government districts, requiring that they be apportioned on a population basis.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Avery v. Midland County canonical | 1 |
| Avery v. Midland County, 390 U.S. 474 (1968) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4864812 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Avery v. Midland County Context triple: [Reynolds v. Sims decision, relatedCase, Avery v. Midland County]
-
A.
Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce
Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce was a 1990 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld restrictions on corporate independent political expenditures under the First Amendment until it was later overturned by Citizens United.
-
B.
Ray v. Blair
Ray v. Blair is a 1952 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld a state's authority to require presidential electors to pledge support for their party's nominees as a condition of appointment.
-
C.
Corfield v. Coryell
Corfield v. Coryell is an 1823 federal circuit court decision by Justice Bushrod Washington that famously articulated an influential early list of the fundamental rights protected by the U.S. Constitution’s Privileges and Immunities Clause.
-
D.
Branch v. Texas
Branch v. Texas is a U.S. Supreme Court case addressing the constitutionality and application of the death penalty in the wake of the landmark Furman v. Georgia decision.
-
E.
Texas Dept. of Community Affairs v. Burdine
Texas Dept. of Community Affairs v. Burdine is a 1981 U.S. Supreme Court case that clarified the burden-shifting framework in Title VII employment discrimination claims, particularly the employer’s burden of production versus the plaintiff’s burden of persuasion.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Avery v. Midland County Target entity description: Avery v. Midland County is a 1968 U.S. Supreme Court case that extended the "one person, one vote" principle to local government districts, requiring that they be apportioned on a population basis.
-
A.
Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce
Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce was a 1990 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld restrictions on corporate independent political expenditures under the First Amendment until it was later overturned by Citizens United.
-
B.
Ray v. Blair
Ray v. Blair is a 1952 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld a state's authority to require presidential electors to pledge support for their party's nominees as a condition of appointment.
-
C.
Corfield v. Coryell
Corfield v. Coryell is an 1823 federal circuit court decision by Justice Bushrod Washington that famously articulated an influential early list of the fundamental rights protected by the U.S. Constitution’s Privileges and Immunities Clause.
-
D.
Branch v. Texas
Branch v. Texas is a U.S. Supreme Court case addressing the constitutionality and application of the death penalty in the wake of the landmark Furman v. Georgia decision.
-
E.
Texas Dept. of Community Affairs v. Burdine
Texas Dept. of Community Affairs v. Burdine is a 1981 U.S. Supreme Court case that clarified the burden-shifting framework in Title VII employment discrimination claims, particularly the employer’s burden of production versus the plaintiff’s burden of persuasion.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (43)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
ⓘ
reapportionment case ⓘ voting rights case ⓘ |
| affects |
city councils and other local governing bodies
ⓘ
county governments in the United States ⓘ local legislative bodies ⓘ |
| appliesPrinciple | one person, one vote ⓘ |
| clarifies | scope of one person, one vote doctrine ⓘ |
| concerns |
county commissioners court districts
ⓘ
malapportionment of local districts ⓘ |
| establishesRule | Local governmental units with general governmental powers over an entire geographic area must be elected from districts of substantially equal population ⓘ |
| extendsDoctrineFrom |
Reynolds v. Sims
ⓘ
linked to:
Reynolds v. Sims decision
|
| extendsDoctrineTo | local government districts ⓘ |
| hasChiefJusticeAtDecision | Earl Warren ⓘ |
| hasCitation | 390 U.S. 474 ⓘ |
| hasConstitutionalBasis |
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
ⓘ
linked to:
Fourteenth Amendment
|
| hasCountry |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| hasCourt | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| hasDecisionDate | 1968-04-01 ⓘ |
| hasEra |
Warren Court
ⓘ
linked to:
Warren Court era
|
| hasFullCitation |
Avery v. Midland County, 390 U.S. 474 (1968)
ⓘ
linked to:
Avery v. Midland County
|
| hasHolding | Local government districts that exercise general governmental powers must be apportioned on a population basis under the Equal Protection Clause ⓘ |
| hasImpact | required many local governments to redraw district lines based on population ⓘ |
| hasJurisdiction | Texas ⓘ |
| hasLegalIssue |
application of one person, one vote to local government
ⓘ
apportionment of local governmental districts ⓘ |
| hasMajorityOpinionBy |
Justice Byron White
ⓘ
linked to:
Byron R. White
|
| hasOutcome | judgment of the Texas courts reversed ⓘ |
| hasPetitioner | Hank Avery ⓘ |
| hasPrecedentialStatus | binding precedent in federal and state courts on local apportionment issues ⓘ |
| hasRespondent | Midland County, Texas ⓘ |
| hasStateLawContext | Texas local government structure ⓘ |
| hasSubjectMatter |
apportionment
ⓘ
representation ⓘ voting rights ⓘ |
| hasYearDecided | 1968 ⓘ |
| holdsApplicableTo | local governmental bodies exercising general governmental powers ⓘ |
| interprets |
Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
ⓘ
linked to:
Equal Protection Clause
|
| isRelatedCase |
Baker v. Carr
ⓘ
Reynolds v. Sims ⓘ
linked to:
Reynolds v. Sims decision
|
| isRelatedField |
constitutional law
ⓘ
election law ⓘ local government law ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Avery v. Midland County Description of subject: Avery v. Midland County is a 1968 U.S. Supreme Court case that extended the "one person, one vote" principle to local government districts, requiring that they be apportioned on a population basis.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Avery v. Midland County