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gptkbp:instanceOf
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gptkb:United_States_Supreme_Court_case
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gptkbp:arguedDate
|
December 11, 2002
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|
gptkbp:citation
|
538 U.S. 343
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gptkbp:concurringOpinionBy
|
gptkb:Antonin_Scalia
gptkb:Clarence_Thomas
gptkb:John_Paul_Stevens
|
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gptkbp:date
|
April 7, 2003
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gptkbp:decidedBy
|
gptkb:Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States
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gptkbp:defendant
|
gptkb:Barry_Elton_Black
gptkb:Jonathan_O'Mara
gptkb:Richard_Elliott
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|
gptkbp:dissentingOpinionBy
|
gptkb:Anthony_Kennedy
gptkb:Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg
gptkb:David_Souter
gptkb:Stephen_Breyer
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|
gptkbp:docketNumber
|
01-1107
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gptkbp:fullName
|
gptkb:Virginia_v._Barry_Elton_Black,_et_al.
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|
gptkbp:heldBy
|
A state may ban cross burning carried out with the intent to intimidate, but a statute that treats any cross burning as prima facie evidence of intent to intimidate is unconstitutional.
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|
https://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label
|
Virginia v. Black
|
|
gptkbp:majorityOpinionBy
|
gptkb:Sandra_Day_O'Connor
|
|
gptkbp:originatingCourt
|
gptkb:Supreme_Court_of_Virginia
|
|
gptkbp:plaintiff
|
gptkb:Commonwealth_of_Virginia
|
|
gptkbp:principle
|
Symbolic speech is protected unless intended to intimidate.
True threats are not protected by the First Amendment.
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|
gptkbp:relatedLegislation
|
gptkb:Virginia_Code_§_18.2-423
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|
gptkbp:relatedTo
|
gptkb:R.A.V._v._City_of_St._Paul
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|
gptkbp:subject
|
gptkb:First_Amendment
freedom of speech
cross burning
|
|
gptkbp:bfsParent
|
gptkb:First_Amendment
gptkb:Brandenburg_v._Ohio
|
|
gptkbp:bfsLayer
|
5
|