|
gptkbp:instance_of
|
gptkb:City
gptkb:region
|
|
gptkbp:bfsLayer
|
3
|
|
gptkbp:bfsParent
|
gptkb:Monarch
|
|
gptkbp:academic_calendar
|
lunar calendar
|
|
gptkbp:art_style
|
gptkb:musical
gptkb:literary_work
gptkb:artwork
|
|
gptkbp:city
|
gptkb:Nippur
gptkb:Lagash
gptkb:Ur
gptkb:Uruk
|
|
gptkbp:constructed_in
|
gptkb:artifact
c. 4500 BC
|
|
gptkbp:contributed_to
|
gptkb:Mathematician
gptkb:observatory
agriculture
|
|
gptkbp:controls
|
cuneiform
|
|
gptkbp:created
|
gptkb:the_Epic_of_Gilgamesh
ziggurats
|
|
gptkbp:cultural_impact
|
gptkb:Phoenicians
gptkb:Hebrews
gptkb:Arabs
gptkb:Persians
gptkb:Romans
gptkb:Assyria
gptkb:Hittites
gptkb:Babylonia
gptkb:Akkad
Greeks
|
|
gptkbp:developed_by
|
agriculture
irrigation systems
the wheel
|
|
gptkbp:ends_at
|
c. 2000 BC
|
|
gptkbp:established
|
city-states
|
|
gptkbp:followed_by
|
gptkb:Babylonian_Empire
gptkb:the_Assyrian_Empire
|
|
gptkbp:founded
|
4500 BC
|
|
gptkbp:had
|
gptkb:Businessman
gptkb:the_Code_of_Ur-Nammu
gptkb:shopping_mall
social stratification
advanced architecture
ziggurats
polytheistic religion
a pantheon of gods
a rich mythology
a complex economy
a system of writing for record-keeping
a centralized government
mathematical base of 60
the Sumerian language
the Sumerian king list
|
|
https://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label
|
Sumer
|
|
gptkbp:includes
|
gptkb:Lagash
gptkb:Ur
gptkb:Uruk
|
|
gptkbp:influenced
|
later civilizations
later Mesopotamian cultures
|
|
gptkbp:influenced_by
|
gptkb:deity
the Ubaid culture
|
|
gptkbp:is_available_in
|
2000 BC
Akkadian conquest
|
|
gptkbp:is_home_to
|
the first known schools
the first known cities
the first known writing system
|
|
gptkbp:is_inhabited_by
|
gptkb:Sumerians
various ethnic groups
skilled craftsmen
farmers and laborers
|
|
gptkbp:is_known_for
|
trade networks
its technological advancements
its laws
its literature
its cultural achievements
its religious texts
its religious practices
its innovations
its agricultural surplus
its festivals and rituals
its influence on later civilizations.
its trade with neighboring regions
|
|
gptkbp:is_located_near
|
gptkb:the_Tigris_River
the Euphrates River
|
|
gptkbp:is_part_of
|
gptkb:City
gptkb:the_Fertile_Crescent
|
|
gptkbp:is_worshipped_by
|
gptkb:Enlil
gptkb:Inanna
gptkb:Anu
polytheistic gods
polytheistic deities
|
|
gptkbp:known_for
|
gptkb:Epic_of_Gilgamesh
cuneiform writing
|
|
gptkbp:language
|
gptkb:Sumerian
|
|
gptkbp:legal_issue
|
gptkb:Code_of_Ur-Nammu
|
|
gptkbp:located_in
|
gptkb:Mesopotamia
|
|
gptkbp:major_city
|
gptkb:Palmyra
gptkb:Babylon
gptkb:Ugarit
gptkb:Tell_es-Sultan
gptkb:Nineveh
gptkb:Harran
gptkb:Niniveh
gptkb:Eridu
gptkb:Dura-Europos
gptkb:Adab
gptkb:Bad-tibira
gptkb:Girsu
gptkb:Karkemish
gptkb:Mari
gptkb:Tell_Leilan
gptkb:Tell_al-Muqayyar
gptkb:Tell_al-Sawwan
gptkb:Umma
gptkb:Nippur
gptkb:Sippar
gptkb:Akkad
gptkb:Erech
gptkb:Isin
gptkb:Kish
gptkb:Lagash
gptkb:Larsa
gptkb:Tell_Brak
gptkb:Ur
gptkb:Uruk
gptkb:Assur
Tell Abu Hureya
Kutha
Tadmor
Emar
Drehem
Kullab
Lugash
Tell al-Hawa
Tell al-Rimah
Zabalam
|
|
gptkbp:market
|
gptkb:beer
gptkb:Persia
gptkb:Indus_Valley_Civilization
gptkb:Anatolia
gptkb:lapis_lazuli
gptkb:historical_figure
gptkb:item
timber
|
|
gptkbp:military_branch
|
city-state armies
|
|
gptkbp:performed_by
|
agriculture
animal husbandry
|
|
gptkbp:produced_by
|
gptkb:beer
gptkb:literary_work
gptkb:poet
gptkb:item
metalwork
|
|
gptkbp:social_structure
|
gptkb:church
gptkb:political_movement
nobles
commoners
|
|
gptkbp:theory
|
base 60 system
|
|
gptkbp:traded_on
|
goods with neighboring regions
|
|
gptkbp:uses
|
irrigation systems
cylindrical seals
|