Statements (167)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| gptkbp:instance_of |
gptkb:Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States
gptkb:court_cases |
| gptkbp:case_analysis |
Relevant in discussions of educational funding
Analyzed the implications of state funding for religious education |
| gptkbp:case_number |
Documented in legal textbooks and case law studies
70-18 Brought by Alton Lemon against Pennsylvania law Summary of the case often used in law education. |
| gptkbp:case_outcome |
landmark ruling
5-4 ruling influenced public policy shaped legal standards Majority opinion emphasized secular purpose Set a precedent for future church-state cases Unconstitutional state aid to religious institutions Influenced the development of church-state jurisprudence Funding for non-public schools deemed unconstitutional Set limits on government involvement in religious education |
| gptkbp:case_significance |
Key case in church-state relations
|
| gptkbp:case_types |
gptkb:Constitution
gptkb:First_Amendment constitutional law Constitutional law case Establishment Clause cases |
| gptkbp:consequences |
influenced future cases on church-state relations
|
| gptkbp:court |
gptkb:Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States
|
| gptkbp:criteria |
Effect prong
Entanglement prong Purpose prong |
| gptkbp:criteria_of_lemon_test |
excessive entanglement
primary effect secular purpose |
| gptkbp:decided_by |
gptkb:1971
gptkb:Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States June 28, 1971 1971-06-28 |
| gptkbp:dissent_cites |
historical practices
|
| gptkbp:dissent_discusses_implications_for |
future cases
|
| gptkbp:dissent_emphasizes_importance_of |
educational opportunities
|
| gptkbp:dissent_highlights |
need for flexibility in law
state's interest in education |
| gptkbp:dissent_highlights_risks_of |
discrimination against religious institutions
|
| gptkbp:dissent_mentions |
gptkb:public_funding
public school funding |
| gptkbp:dissent_references |
gptkb:First_Amendment
|
| gptkbp:dissent_suggests_that |
funding can be neutral
|
| gptkbp:dissent_warns_about |
judicial activism
|
| gptkbp:dissent_warns_against |
overly rigid standards
|
| gptkbp:dissenting_opinion |
gptkb:Lemon_test_application
gptkb:Justice_Potter_Stewart gptkb:American_history gptkb:freedom_of_religion gptkb:Justice_William_H._Rehnquist gptkb:Justice_William_Rehnquist gptkb:Justice_Harry_Blackmun American values contextual analysis role of government overreach religious schools alternative standards historical funding practices Dissent argued for broader interpretation of funding Lemon test's clarity balance between church and state categorical prohibitions consideration of intent cooperation between church and state excessive entanglement standard funding does not equate to endorsement historical context of funding importance of pluralism majority's interpretation of neutrality more flexible interpretation religion should not be excluded religious neutrality state aid to education strict separation |
| gptkbp:educational_value |
Impacted funding policies in public education
|
| gptkbp:election |
8-1
|
| gptkbp:historical_context |
gptkb:Post-World_War_II_America
post-World War II America increased government funding for education rise of religious schools |
| https://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label |
Lemon v. Kurtzman
|
| gptkbp:impact |
separation of church and state
Public funding for religious schools Influenced future cases on church and state separation Influenced future cases on religious funding Used in cases involving public funding for religious activities |
| gptkbp:involved_parties |
gptkb:Alton_Lemon
David Kurtzman |
| gptkbp:is_a_basis_for |
gptkb:Establishment_Clause_of_the_First_Amendment
|
| gptkbp:is_cited_in |
403 U. S. 602
|
| gptkbp:is_standardized_by |
Lemon test criteria
|
| gptkbp:judicial_review |
Supreme Court's power to review state laws
|
| gptkbp:jurisdiction |
gptkb:United_States_federal_law
|
| gptkbp:legacy |
Legacy of the Lemon test in legal discourse
|
| gptkbp:legal_context |
gptkb:First_Amendment_of_the_United_States_Constitution
|
| gptkbp:legal_framework |
Influenced the interpretation of the Establishment Clause
Lemon test for evaluating government actions Reinforced the principle of secularism in public funding |
| gptkbp:legal_issue |
gptkb:Establishment_Clause_of_the_First_Amendment
Establishment Clause Ongoing debate about church and state relations |
| gptkbp:legal_outcome |
invalidated Pennsylvania law
invalidated Rhode Island law Invalidated laws providing financial aid to religious schools |
| gptkbp:legal_principle |
gptkb:Lemon_test
government neutrality in religious matters Government must remain neutral in religious matters |
| gptkbp:legal_representation |
Evaluated the purpose and effect of government aid
|
| gptkbp:legal_test |
gptkb:Lemon_test
|
| gptkbp:legislation |
education reform laws
religious school funding laws state funding laws |
| gptkbp:outcome |
Struck down state funding for religious schools
Struck down state funding for private religious schools struck down state funding for religious schools |
| gptkbp:precedent |
gptkb:Lemon_test
Establishment Clause jurisprudence |
| gptkbp:public_perception |
gptkb:Justice_Potter_Stewart
gptkb:Justice_William_O._Douglas gptkb:Justice_Byron_White gptkb:Justice_Thurgood_Marshall gptkb:Justice_William_J._Brennan_Jr. gptkb:Justice_Lewis_F._Powell_Jr. gptkb:Justice_William_Brennan gptkb:Justice_Harry_Blackmun |
| gptkbp:public_reaction |
controversial decision
Mixed reactions from religious and secular groups |
| gptkbp:related_cases |
gptkb:Espinoza_v._Montana_Department_of_Revenue
gptkb:Zobrest_v._Catalina_Foothills_School_District gptkb:Engel_v._Vitale gptkb:Trinity_Lutheran_Church_of_Columbia,_Inc._v._Comer gptkb:Wallace_v._Jaffree gptkb:American_Legion_v._American_Humanist_Association gptkb:Board_of_Education_of_Kiryas_Joel_Village_School_District_v._Grumet gptkb:Agostini_v._Felton gptkb:Mitchell_v._Helms gptkb:Walz_v._Tax_Commission Cited in numerous church-state separation cases |
| gptkbp:related_concept |
Religious freedom
Separation of church and state First Amendment rights Public education funding |
| gptkbp:scholarly_analysis |
Role of religion in public life
Influence on state constitutions debate on religious freedom debate on secularism Judicial activism concerns Impact on educational policy debate on constitutional interpretation Interpretation of the Establishment Clause Criticism of the Lemon test Debate on church-state relations Evolution of legal standards Legal precedent in American jurisprudence Public opinion on church-state issues debate on state funding Influenced legal scholars and constitutional debates |
| gptkbp:significance |
Established criteria for government aid to religious schools
Clarified the separation of church and state established the Lemon test |
| gptkbp:bfsParent |
gptkb:Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States
gptkb:United_States_Supreme_Court |
| gptkbp:bfsLayer |
3
|