gptkb:International_Polar_Year gptkb:Soviet_Arctic_expeditions gptkb:Race_to_the_North_Pole
Amundsen's airship flight over the North Pole
Franklin Expedition disappearance
Greely Expedition rescue
Nansen's drift with the Fram
Peary's claim to reach the North Pole
discovery of the Northwest Passage
icebreaker navigation
modern scientific research stations
satellite mapping of the Arctic