PD-1
E822412
cell surface receptor
immune checkpoint receptor
inhibitory receptor
protein
type I membrane protein
PD-1 is an inhibitory immune checkpoint receptor on T cells that downregulates immune responses and is a key target of cancer immunotherapy.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| PD-1 canonical | 3 |
| CD279 | 2 |
| PD-1 receptor | 1 |
| PDCD1 | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T9807362 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: PD-1 Context triple: [programmed death-ligand 1, bindsTo, PD-1]
-
A.
programmed death-ligand 1
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint protein expressed on various cells that suppresses T-cell activity by engaging PD-1, enabling tumors to evade immune surveillance.
-
B.
Betatakin
Betatakin is an ancient Ancestral Puebloan cliff dwelling carved into a sandstone alcove in what is now northern Arizona.
-
C.
Leqembi
Leqembi is an Alzheimer’s disease drug (lecanemab) that targets amyloid-beta plaques to slow cognitive decline in early-stage patients.
-
D.
Kymriah
Kymriah is a pioneering CAR-T cell therapy used to treat certain types of blood cancers by genetically modifying a patient’s own immune cells to target and destroy malignant cells.
-
E.
Keytruda
Keytruda is a widely used immunotherapy cancer drug (pembrolizumab) that works by blocking the PD-1 pathway to help the immune system attack tumors.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: PD-1 Target entity description: PD-1 is an inhibitory immune checkpoint receptor on T cells that downregulates immune responses and is a key target of cancer immunotherapy.
-
A.
programmed death-ligand 1
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint protein expressed on various cells that suppresses T-cell activity by engaging PD-1, enabling tumors to evade immune surveillance.
-
B.
Betatakin
Betatakin is an ancient Ancestral Puebloan cliff dwelling carved into a sandstone alcove in what is now northern Arizona.
-
C.
Leqembi
Leqembi is an Alzheimer’s disease drug (lecanemab) that targets amyloid-beta plaques to slow cognitive decline in early-stage patients.
-
D.
Kymriah
Kymriah is a pioneering CAR-T cell therapy used to treat certain types of blood cancers by genetically modifying a patient’s own immune cells to target and destroy malignant cells.
-
E.
Keytruda
Keytruda is a widely used immunotherapy cancer drug (pembrolizumab) that works by blocking the PD-1 pathway to help the immune system attack tumors.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (64)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
cell surface receptor
ⓘ
immune checkpoint receptor ⓘ inhibitory receptor ⓘ protein ⓘ type I membrane protein ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
T cell exhaustion
ⓘ
chronic viral infection ⓘ tumor immune evasion ⓘ |
| belongsToFamily | CD28 family ⓘ |
| binds |
PD-L1
ⓘ
linked to:
programmed death-ligand 1
PD-L2 ⓘ |
| chromosomalLocationOfGene | 2q37.3 ⓘ |
| clinicalUseContext |
treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma
ⓘ
treatment of melanoma ⓘ treatment of non-small cell lung cancer ⓘ treatment of renal cell carcinoma ⓘ |
| containsMotif |
ITIM motif
ⓘ
ITSM motif ⓘ |
| cytoplasmicTailRecruits |
SHP-1 phosphatase
ⓘ
SHP-2 phosphatase ⓘ |
| downregulates | immune responses ⓘ |
| encodedBy |
PDCD1 gene
ⓘ
linked to:
programmed cell death protein 1
|
| expressedOn |
B cells
ⓘ
T cells ⓘ
linked to:
T lymphocytes
activated T cells ⓘ dendritic cells ⓘ exhausted T cells ⓘ monocytes ⓘ natural killer cells ⓘ |
| hasDomain | immunoglobulin V-like domain ⓘ |
| hasFullName | Programmed cell death protein 1 ⓘ |
| hasLigand |
PD-L1
ⓘ
linked to:
programmed death-ligand 1
PD-L2 ⓘ |
| hasSynonym |
CD279
ⓘ
linked to:
PD-1
PDCD1 protein ⓘ
linked to:
programmed cell death protein 1
|
| inhibits |
CD28 costimulatory signaling
ⓘ
T cell receptor signaling ⓘ |
| involvedIn |
maintenance of self-tolerance
ⓘ
peripheral tolerance ⓘ prevention of autoimmunity ⓘ |
| isTargetOf |
anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies
ⓘ
cancer immunotherapy ⓘ immune checkpoint blockade ⓘ |
| isTargetOfDrug |
camrelizumab
ⓘ
cemiplimab ⓘ nivolumab ⓘ pembrolizumab ⓘ
linked to:
Keytruda
sintilimab ⓘ spartalizumab ⓘ tislelizumab ⓘ toripalimab ⓘ |
| lengthInAminoAcids | 288 ⓘ |
| locatedIn | plasma membrane ⓘ |
| negativelyRegulates |
T cell activation
ⓘ
T cell effector function ⓘ T cell proliferation ⓘ cytokine production ⓘ |
| postTranslationalModification |
N-linked glycosylation
ⓘ
phosphorylation ⓘ |
| species | Homo sapiens ⓘ |
| therapeuticArea |
autoimmune disease
ⓘ
oncology ⓘ |
| upregulatedIn |
chronic infection
ⓘ
tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: PD-1 Description of subject: PD-1 is an inhibitory immune checkpoint receptor on T cells that downregulates immune responses and is a key target of cancer immunotherapy.
Referenced by (7)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: PD-1
linked to: PD-1
linked to: PD-1