Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

E4975

United States federal statute civil rights law

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark U.S. federal law that prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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All labels observed (7)

Label	Occurrences
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 canonical	59
Title VII	4
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (as to public employers)	1
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (employment discrimination provisions)	1
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employers from firing individuals for being homosexual	1
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits hostile work environment sexual harassment as a form of sex discrimination	1
Title VII – Equal Employment Opportunity	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T79104 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Context triple: [Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. (2007) dissent, legalIssue, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964]

A. Fair Labor Standards Act
The Fair Labor Standards Act is a landmark U.S. labor law that established federal minimum wage, overtime pay, and child labor protections for American workers.
B. National Labor Relations Act
The National Labor Relations Act is a landmark 1935 U.S. labor law that guarantees workers the right to organize, bargain collectively, and engage in concerted activities, while regulating employer–union relations.
C. Executive Order 8807
Executive Order 8807 was a World War II-era U.S. presidential directive issued by Franklin D. Roosevelt that established the National Defense Research Committee to coordinate and advance military-related scientific research.
D. Civil Rights Act of 1866
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is a landmark U.S. federal law that established citizenship and equal civil rights for all persons born in the United States, particularly protecting the rights of formerly enslaved people after the Civil War.
E. Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education is the landmark 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, overturning the “separate but equal” doctrine.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Target entity description: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark U.S. federal law that prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

A. Fair Labor Standards Act
The Fair Labor Standards Act is a landmark U.S. labor law that established federal minimum wage, overtime pay, and child labor protections for American workers.
B. National Labor Relations Act
The National Labor Relations Act is a landmark 1935 U.S. labor law that guarantees workers the right to organize, bargain collectively, and engage in concerted activities, while regulating employer–union relations.
C. Executive Order 8807
Executive Order 8807 was a World War II-era U.S. presidential directive issued by Franklin D. Roosevelt that established the National Defense Research Committee to coordinate and advance military-related scientific research.
D. Civil Rights Act of 1866
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is a landmark U.S. federal law that established citizenship and equal civil rights for all persons born in the United States, particularly protecting the rights of formerly enslaved people after the Civil War.
E. Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education is the landmark 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, overturning the “separate but equal” doctrine.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (48)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	United States federal statute ⓘ civil rights law ⓘ
abbreviation	Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Title VII
allows	private civil actions by aggrieved employees ⓘ
amendedBy	Civil Rights Act of 1991 ⓘ Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 ⓘ
appliesTo	employers with 15 or more employees ⓘ employment ⓘ employment agencies ⓘ labor organizations ⓘ
codifiedAt	42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq. ⓘ
codifiedIn	Title 42 of the United States Code ⓘ
country	United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
dateEnacted	1964-07-02 ⓘ
effectiveDate	1964-07-02 ⓘ
enactedBy	United States Congress ⓘ
enforcedBy	Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ⓘ
expandedBy	Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 ⓘ
interpretedToInclude	discrimination based on gender identity as sex discrimination ⓘ discrimination based on sexual orientation as sex discrimination ⓘ hostile work environment claims ⓘ quid pro quo sexual harassment ⓘ sexual harassment as sex discrimination ⓘ
jurisdiction	United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
landmarkCase	Bostock v. Clayton County ⓘ Griggs v. Duke Power Co. ⓘ McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green ⓘ Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson ⓘ Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc. ⓘ Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins ⓘ
partOf	Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ
prohibits	discriminatory compensation practices ⓘ discriminatory firing practices ⓘ discriminatory hiring practices ⓘ discriminatory terms, conditions, or privileges of employment ⓘ employment discrimination ⓘ retaliation for opposing unlawful employment practices ⓘ retaliation for participating in Title VII proceedings ⓘ
prohibitsDiscriminationOnBasisOf	color ⓘ national origin ⓘ race ⓘ religion ⓘ sex ⓘ
purpose	to eliminate employment discrimination ⓘ
requires	equal employment opportunity ⓘ filing of a charge with the EEOC before suit ⓘ
shortTitle	Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 self-link ⓘ
signedIntoLawBy	Lyndon B. Johnson ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (68)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. (2007) dissent → legalIssue → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

USA PATRIOT Act → containsTitle → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

this entity surface form: Title VII

Civil Rights Division → legalAuthority → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 → abbreviation → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Title VII

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 → shortTitle → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 self-link ⓘ

Civil Rights Act of 1964 → title → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

this entity surface form: Title VII – Equal Employment Opportunity

Equal Pay Act of 1963 → relatedTo → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission → legalBasis → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission → enforces → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Civil Rights Act of 1991 → amends → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 → amends → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 → partOf → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Griggs v. Duke Power Co. → legalIssue → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Griggs v. Duke Power Co. → statuteInterpreted → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson → holding → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

this entity surface form: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits hostile work environment sexual harassment as a form of sex discrimination

Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson → legalSubject → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins → statuteInterpreted → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc. → statuteInterpreted → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Bostock v. Clayton County → holding → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

this entity surface form: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employers from firing individuals for being homosexual

Bostock v. Clayton County → statuteInterpreted → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Employment Litigation Section → enforces → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

this entity surface form: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (as to public employers)

McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green → statuteInterpreted → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Title X – Community Relations Service → relatedTo → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

CRA 1964 → title → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

subject surface form: Civil Rights Act of 1964

this entity surface form: Title VII

Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 → amendsPart → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 → relatedTo → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Federal Employee Antidiscrimination Act of 2019 → relatedTo → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 → amends → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Executive Order 11246 → relatedTo → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

United States labor law → hasKeyFederalStatute → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

LMRDA → containsTitle → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

this entity surface form: Title VII

Public Law 88-38 → relatedTo → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer → involvedStatute → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Chair of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission → legalAuthorityOver → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

this entity surface form: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (employment discrimination provisions)

Office of Federal Operations → legalBasis → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

EEOC v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores, Inc. → statuteInterpreted → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Atonio → legalProvision → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Lorance v. AT&T Technologies, Inc. → statuteInterpreted → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Duke Power Company → involves → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

subject surface form: Griggs v. Duke Power Co.

Meritor Savings Bank, FSB → associatedWithLaw → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc. → legalProvision → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Faragher v. City of Boca Raton → legalBasis → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth → legalSubject → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth → statuteInterpreted → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Joseph Oncale → legalBasis → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Joseph Oncale → appliesStatute → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

subject surface form: Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services

Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc. → legalSubject → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

subject surface form: Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc.

Gerald Lynn Bostock → filedLawsuitUnder → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

Altitude Express Inc. v. Zarda → statuteInterpreted → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

R.G. & G.R. Harris Funeral Homes Inc. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission → statuteInterpreted → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ

All labels observed (7)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (48)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (68)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited