Obergefell v. Hodges
E4328
Obergefell v. Hodges is the landmark 2015 U.S. Supreme Court decision that legalized same-sex marriage nationwide by ruling that same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry.
All labels observed (5)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T16935 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Obergefell v. Hodges Context triple: [Supreme Court of the United States, notableCase, Obergefell v. Hodges]
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A.
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization is the 2022 U.S. Supreme Court decision that overturned Roe v. Wade and ended the federal constitutional right to abortion.
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B.
Roe v. Wade
Roe v. Wade was a landmark 1973 U.S. Supreme Court decision that recognized a constitutional right to abortion, profoundly shaping American law and politics until it was overturned in 2022.
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C.
United States v. Virginia (1996) majority opinion
The United States v. Virginia (1996) majority opinion is a landmark Supreme Court decision, authored by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, that struck down the Virginia Military Institute’s male-only admissions policy as unconstitutional sex discrimination under the Equal Protection Clause.
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D.
Wickard v. Filburn
Wickard v. Filburn is a landmark 1942 U.S. Supreme Court case that dramatically expanded federal regulatory power by holding that even purely local, non-commercial activity could be regulated under the Commerce Clause if it had a substantial effect on interstate commerce.
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E.
Marbury v. Madison
Marbury v. Madison is the landmark 1803 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review, empowering federal courts to strike down laws that violate the Constitution.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Obergefell v. Hodges Target entity description: Obergefell v. Hodges is the landmark 2015 U.S. Supreme Court decision that legalized same-sex marriage nationwide by ruling that same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry.
-
A.
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization is the 2022 U.S. Supreme Court decision that overturned Roe v. Wade and ended the federal constitutional right to abortion.
-
B.
Roe v. Wade
Roe v. Wade was a landmark 1973 U.S. Supreme Court decision that recognized a constitutional right to abortion, profoundly shaping American law and politics until it was overturned in 2022.
-
C.
United States v. Virginia (1996) majority opinion
The United States v. Virginia (1996) majority opinion is a landmark Supreme Court decision, authored by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, that struck down the Virginia Military Institute’s male-only admissions policy as unconstitutional sex discrimination under the Equal Protection Clause.
-
D.
Wickard v. Filburn
Wickard v. Filburn is a landmark 1942 U.S. Supreme Court case that dramatically expanded federal regulatory power by holding that even purely local, non-commercial activity could be regulated under the Commerce Clause if it had a substantial effect on interstate commerce.
-
E.
Marbury v. Madison
Marbury v. Madison is the landmark 1803 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review, empowering federal courts to strike down laws that violate the Constitution.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
ⓘ
civil rights case ⓘ landmark case ⓘ same-sex marriage case ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
LGBT rights
ⓘ
constitutional law ⓘ family law ⓘ |
| arguedDate | 2015-04-28 ⓘ |
| citation |
135 S. Ct. 2584
ⓘ
192 L. Ed. 2d 609 ⓘ 576 U.S. 644 ⓘ |
| consolidatedWith |
Bourke v. Beshear
ⓘ
DeBoer v. Snyder ⓘ Tanco v. Haslam ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decidedBy | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 2015-06-26 ⓘ |
| dissentingOpinionBy |
Antonin Scalia
ⓘ
Clarence Thomas ⓘ John G. Roberts Jr. ⓘ Samuel A. Alito Jr. ⓘ
surface form:
Samuel Alito
|
| docketNumber | 14-556 ⓘ |
| effect | legalized same-sex marriage nationwide in the United States ⓘ |
| fullName |
Obergefell v. Hodges
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Obergefell et al. v. Hodges, Director, Ohio Department of Health, et al.
|
| holding |
same-sex couples have a fundamental right to marry under the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment
ⓘ
states must license marriages between two people of the same sex ⓘ states must recognize same-sex marriages lawfully performed out of state ⓘ |
| impact |
required all U.S. states and territories to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples
ⓘ
required all U.S. states and territories to recognize same-sex marriages performed in other jurisdictions ⓘ |
| joinedMajority |
Elena Kagan
ⓘ
Ruth Bader Ginsburg ⓘ Sonia Sotomayor ⓘ Stephen G. Breyer ⓘ
surface form:
Stephen Breyer
|
| legalIssue |
Due Process Clause
ⓘ
Equal Protection Clause ⓘ Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ same-sex marriage ⓘ |
| lowerCourtDecision | upheld state bans on same-sex marriage ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy |
Anthony M. Kennedy
ⓘ
surface form:
Anthony Kennedy
|
| originatedFrom | United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ⓘ |
| overturnedPrecedent | Baker v. Nelson ⓘ |
| petitioner | James Obergefell ⓘ |
| relatedConstitutionalProvision |
Fourteenth Amendment
ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. Constitution Fourteenth Amendment
|
| respondent | Richard Hodges ⓘ |
| respondentPosition | Director of the Ohio Department of Health ⓘ |
| reversed | Sixth Circuit decision upholding same-sex marriage bans ⓘ |
| term | October Term 2014 ⓘ |
| voteDissent | 4 ⓘ |
| voteMajority | 5 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Obergefell v. Hodges Description of subject: Obergefell v. Hodges is the landmark 2015 U.S. Supreme Court decision that legalized same-sex marriage nationwide by ruling that same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry.
Referenced by (45)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
this entity surface form:
Obergefell et al. v. Hodges, Director, Ohio Department of Health, et al.
this entity surface form:
U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges
this entity surface form:
Obergefell v. Hodges decided in his favor
this entity surface form:
Obergefell v. Hodges Supreme Court case
Love Wins: The Lovers and Lawyers Who Fought the Landmark Case for Marriage Equality
→
subject
→
Obergefell v. Hodges
ⓘ
subject surface form:
John G. Roberts Jr.
subject surface form:
Donald B. Verrilli Jr.
subject surface form:
United States v. Windsor