Capitanian (Guadalupian) mass extinction
E267701
The Capitanian (Guadalupian) mass extinction was a major mid-Permian biodiversity crisis that significantly reduced marine life and set the stage for the even larger end-Permian extinction.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Capitanian mass extinction event | 2 |
| Capitanian (Guadalupian) mass extinction canonical | 1 |
| Capitanian mass extinction | 1 |
| Guadalupian mass extinction | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2447295 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Capitanian (Guadalupian) mass extinction Context triple: [Permian–Triassic mass extinction, precededBy, Capitanian (Guadalupian) mass extinction]
-
A.
Permian–Triassic mass extinction
The Permian–Triassic mass extinction was the most severe biodiversity crisis in Earth's history, wiping out the majority of marine and terrestrial species around 252 million years ago and marking the boundary between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras.
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B.
Late Devonian extinction
The Late Devonian extinction was a prolonged series of biodiversity crises around 375–359 million years ago that devastated marine life, especially reef ecosystems and armored fishes, and ranks among the largest mass extinctions in Earth’s history.
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C.
Triassic–Jurassic extinction event
The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event was a major mass extinction around 201 million years ago that wiped out many marine and terrestrial species, paving the way for dinosaurs to become the dominant land animals in the Jurassic Period.
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D.
Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
The Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary marks the geological transition 66 million years ago associated with a mass extinction event that wiped out non-avian dinosaurs and many other species, likely triggered by a large asteroid impact.
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E.
Carboniferous rainforest collapse
The Carboniferous rainforest collapse was a mass extinction and fragmentation event of vast tropical coal-forest ecosystems around 305 million years ago, profoundly reshaping terrestrial biodiversity and climate in the late Paleozoic.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Capitanian (Guadalupian) mass extinction Target entity description: The Capitanian (Guadalupian) mass extinction was a major mid-Permian biodiversity crisis that significantly reduced marine life and set the stage for the even larger end-Permian extinction.
-
A.
Permian–Triassic mass extinction
The Permian–Triassic mass extinction was the most severe biodiversity crisis in Earth's history, wiping out the majority of marine and terrestrial species around 252 million years ago and marking the boundary between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras.
-
B.
Late Devonian extinction
The Late Devonian extinction was a prolonged series of biodiversity crises around 375–359 million years ago that devastated marine life, especially reef ecosystems and armored fishes, and ranks among the largest mass extinctions in Earth’s history.
-
C.
Triassic–Jurassic extinction event
The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event was a major mass extinction around 201 million years ago that wiped out many marine and terrestrial species, paving the way for dinosaurs to become the dominant land animals in the Jurassic Period.
-
D.
Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
The Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary marks the geological transition 66 million years ago associated with a mass extinction event that wiped out non-avian dinosaurs and many other species, likely triggered by a large asteroid impact.
-
E.
Carboniferous rainforest collapse
The Carboniferous rainforest collapse was a mass extinction and fragmentation event of vast tropical coal-forest ecosystems around 305 million years ago, profoundly reshaping terrestrial biodiversity and climate in the late Paleozoic.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Permian extinction event
ⓘ
mass extinction event ⓘ |
| affects |
brachiopods
ⓘ
corals ⓘ fusulinid foraminifera ⓘ marine invertebrates ⓘ reef-building organisms ⓘ sponge reefs ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Capitanian mass extinction
ⓘ
Capitanian (Guadalupian) mass extinction ⓘ
surface form:
Guadalupian mass extinction
|
| associatedWith |
collapse of Permian reef ecosystems
ⓘ
perturbation of global carbon cycle ⓘ turnover in marine communities ⓘ |
| characterizedBy |
abrupt decline in species richness in upper Capitanian strata
ⓘ
high taxonomic selectivity among marine groups ⓘ |
| effectOnBiodiversity | major reduction in global biodiversity ⓘ |
| effectOnMarineLife | severe decline of marine taxa ⓘ |
| evidenceType |
global biostratigraphic correlations
ⓘ
marine fossil record ⓘ stratigraphic sections in South China ⓘ |
| followedBy |
Lopingian recovery and rediversification of some groups
ⓘ
Wuchiapingian age ⓘ |
| geologicalAgeApproximation |
approximately 262 million years ago
ⓘ
late Capitanian stage ⓘ |
| hypothesizedDriver | Emeishan Large Igneous Province volcanism ⓘ |
| impact |
loss of many pre-Lopingian faunal lineages
ⓘ
restructuring of Permian marine ecosystems ⓘ |
| likelyCause |
climate change
ⓘ
large-scale volcanism ⓘ ocean acidification ⓘ ocean anoxia ⓘ |
| occursIn |
Capitanian age
ⓘ
Guadalupian Epoch ⓘ
surface form:
Guadalupian epoch
|
| partOf |
Permian Period
ⓘ
surface form:
Permian period
|
| positionInSequence | penultimate major extinction of the Permian ⓘ |
| precededBy | Wordian age ⓘ |
| precedes | end-Permian mass extinction ⓘ |
| primaryEnvironment | marine ecosystems ⓘ |
| relativeTiming | mid-Permian ⓘ |
| researchStatus |
recognized as distinct from the end-Permian extinction
ⓘ
subject of ongoing debate about magnitude and causes ⓘ |
| scale | global ⓘ |
| significance |
one of the major Phanerozoic extinction events
ⓘ
preconditioned ecosystems for end-Permian mass extinction ⓘ |
| taxonomicSelectivity |
strong impact on shallow-marine faunas
ⓘ
strong impact on warm-water faunas ⓘ |
| temporalPosition | middle Permian ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Capitanian (Guadalupian) mass extinction Description of subject: The Capitanian (Guadalupian) mass extinction was a major mid-Permian biodiversity crisis that significantly reduced marine life and set the stage for the even larger end-Permian extinction.
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Capitanian mass extinction event
this entity surface form:
Guadalupian mass extinction
this entity surface form:
Capitanian mass extinction
this entity surface form:
Capitanian mass extinction event