Fourth Fitna

Target entity: Fourth Fitna
Context triple: [al-Ma'mun, cameToPowerAfter, Fourth Fitna]

• A. Third Fitna
  The Third Fitna was a late 8th-century Islamic civil war marked by intense internal conflict and rival claimants to the caliphate that contributed to the weakening and eventual downfall of the Umayyad dynasty.
• B. Second Fitna
  The Second Fitna was a major early Islamic civil war (c. 680–692 CE) marked by rival caliphal claims, including those of Husayn ibn Ali and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, that challenged and ultimately shaped Umayyad rule.
• C. First Fitna
  The First Fitna was the first major civil war in early Islamic history, marked by political and religious conflicts over the rightful caliph following the assassination of Uthman and during the caliphate of Ali.
• D. Ridda Wars
  The Ridda Wars were a series of military campaigns launched by the early Rashidun Caliphate to suppress apostasy and rebellion in Arabia following the death of the Prophet Muhammad.
• E. Ramadan War
  The Ramadan War, more widely known as the Yom Kippur War, was the 1973 conflict in which Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel during a major religious holiday, leading to a pivotal Arab-Israeli war.
• F. None of above. chosen
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Target entity: Fourth Fitna
Target entity description: The Fourth Fitna was a major early 9th-century Islamic civil war within the Abbasid Caliphate that culminated in al-Ma'mun's victory and consolidation of power.

• A. Third Fitna
  The Third Fitna was a late 8th-century Islamic civil war marked by intense internal conflict and rival claimants to the caliphate that contributed to the weakening and eventual downfall of the Umayyad dynasty.
• B. Second Fitna
  The Second Fitna was a major early Islamic civil war (c. 680–692 CE) marked by rival caliphal claims, including those of Husayn ibn Ali and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, that challenged and ultimately shaped Umayyad rule.
• C. First Fitna
  The First Fitna was the first major civil war in early Islamic history, marked by political and religious conflicts over the rightful caliph following the assassination of Uthman and during the caliphate of Ali.
• D. Ridda Wars
  The Ridda Wars were a series of military campaigns launched by the early Rashidun Caliphate to suppress apostasy and rebellion in Arabia following the death of the Prophet Muhammad.
• E. Ramadan War
  The Ramadan War, more widely known as the Yom Kippur War, was the 1973 conflict in which Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel during a major religious holiday, leading to a pivotal Arab-Israeli war.
• F. None of above. chosen