|
gptkbp:instanceOf
|
gptkb:photosynthetic_pathway
|
|
gptkbp:adaptation
|
high temperature
high light intensity
low atmospheric CO2
|
|
gptkbp:alsoKnownAs
|
gptkb:C4_carbon_fixation
|
|
gptkbp:CalvinCycleOccursIn
|
bundle sheath cells
|
|
gptkbp:carbonFixationOccursIn
|
mesophyll cells
|
|
gptkbp:CO2ConcentrationMechanism
|
yes
|
|
gptkbp:CO2FirstFixedInto
|
four-carbon compound
|
|
gptkbp:commonIn
|
aquatic plants
trees
cool climates
|
|
gptkbp:contrastsWith
|
gptkb:CAM_photosynthesis
gptkb:C3_photosynthesis
|
|
gptkbp:energyEfficiency
|
higher than C3 photosynthesis
|
|
gptkbp:evolvedIndependently
|
over 60 times
|
|
gptkbp:firstDescribed
|
gptkb:Marshall_Hatch
gptkb:Roger_Slack
1966
|
|
gptkbp:foundIn
|
gptkb:maize
gptkb:marina
sugarcane
sorghum
amaranth
crabgrass
many tropical grasses
|
|
gptkbp:increasesNitrogenUseEfficiency
|
true
|
|
gptkbp:increasesProductivityIn
|
arid environments
hot climates
|
|
gptkbp:increasesWaterUseEfficiency
|
true
|
|
gptkbp:mainEnzyme
|
gptkb:Rubisco
gptkb:PEP_carboxylase
|
|
gptkbp:mainlyIn
|
gptkb:angiosperms
Poaceae family
|
|
gptkbp:minimizesOxygenaseActivityOf
|
gptkb:Rubisco
|
|
gptkbp:numberOfSpecies
|
about 8,100
|
|
gptkbp:percentageOfAllPlantSpecies
|
about 3%
|
|
gptkbp:product
|
gptkb:oxaloacetate
gptkb:aspartate
gptkb:malate
|
|
gptkbp:reducesPhotorespiration
|
true
|
|
gptkbp:requiresSpecialLeafAnatomy
|
gptkb:Kranz_anatomy
|
|
gptkbp:bfsParent
|
gptkb:CAM_photosynthesis
gptkb:CAM_(Crassulacean_Acid_Metabolism)
|
|
gptkbp:bfsLayer
|
8
|
|
https://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label
|
C4 photosynthesis
|