Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| gptkbp:instanceOf |
biological pathway
|
| gptkbp:adaptation |
high temperature
high light intensity low atmospheric CO2 |
| gptkbp:alsoKnownAs |
gptkb:C4_pathway
|
| gptkbp:contrastsWith |
gptkb:C3_carbon_fixation
gptkb:CAM_pathway |
| gptkbp:contributedTo |
about 25% of terrestrial photosynthesis
|
| gptkbp:discoveredBy |
gptkb:Marshall_Hatch
gptkb:Roger_Slack |
| gptkbp:discoveredIn |
1966
|
| gptkbp:energyEfficiency |
higher ATP requirement than C3 pathway
|
| gptkbp:evolvedIndependently |
over 60 times
|
| gptkbp:foundIn |
maize
marina sugarcane sorghum crabgrass |
| gptkbp:hasBiologicalActivity |
gptkb:Rubisco
gptkb:PEP_carboxylase |
| https://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label |
C4 carbon fixation
|
| gptkbp:importantFor |
drought resistance
crop productivity in tropics high temperature tolerance |
| gptkbp:improves |
nitrogen use efficiency
water use efficiency |
| gptkbp:involves |
gptkb:Kranz_anatomy
CO2 concentration mechanism decarboxylation in bundle sheath cells regeneration of PEP in mesophyll cells spatial separation of steps transport of C4 acids between cells |
| gptkbp:keyIntermediate |
gptkb:oxaloacetate
gptkb:aspartate malate |
| gptkbp:mainFunction |
carbon dioxide fixation
increase photosynthetic efficiency reduce photorespiration |
| gptkbp:namedFor |
first stable product has 4 carbons
|
| gptkbp:occurredIn |
gptkb:C4_plants
plants |
| gptkbp:occursInCellType |
bundle sheath cells
mesophyll cells |
| gptkbp:percentageOfPlantSpecies |
about 3% of all plant species
|
| gptkbp:product |
gptkb:oxaloacetate
malate |
| gptkbp:reduces |
photorespiration
|
| gptkbp:bfsParent |
gptkb:Calvin-Benson-Bassham_cycle
|
| gptkbp:bfsLayer |
7
|