|
gptkbp:instanceOf
|
legal case
|
|
gptkbp:affiliatedWith
|
gptkb:Education_Trust
gptkb:NAACP_Legal_Defense_Fund
gptkb:National_Urban_League
gptkb:American_Civil_Liberties_Union
gptkb:Center_for_Equal_Opportunity
gptkb:Hispanic_Association_of_Colleges_and_Universities
gptkb:National_Education_Association
gptkb:American_Association_of_University_Professors
gptkb:American_Council_on_Education
gptkb:College_Board
gptkb:Asian_American_Legal_Defense_and_Education_Fund
|
|
gptkbp:caseTypes
|
civil rights case
02-241
|
|
gptkbp:citedBy
|
539 U.S. 306
|
|
gptkbp:consequences
|
future admissions policies
legal standards for discrimination
race relations in education
state laws on affirmative action
|
|
gptkbp:court
|
5-4 ruling
|
|
gptkbp:decidedBy
|
gptkb:Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States
June 23, 2003
|
|
gptkbp:filedIn
|
October 15, 2002
|
|
gptkbp:historicalContext
|
gptkb:Civil_Rights_Movement
affirmative_action_policies_in_the_U.S.
|
|
https://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label
|
Bollinger v. Grutter
|
|
gptkbp:impact
|
subsequent affirmative action cases
|
|
gptkbp:influencedBy
|
gptkb:Fisher_v._University_of_Texas
gptkb:Regents_of_the_University_of_California_v._Bakke
educational equity debates
political climate regarding race
public opinion on affirmative action
|
|
gptkbp:involved
|
gptkb:Lee_Bollinger
Jennifer Grutter
|
|
gptkbp:involves
|
gptkb:University_of_Michigan
affirmative action
|
|
gptkbp:judges
|
gptkb:Justice_Antonin_Scalia
gptkb:Justice_William_Rehnquist
Justice Clarence Thomas
|
|
gptkbp:legal_representation
|
balancing test for affirmative action
scrutiny of race in admissions
|
|
gptkbp:legalStatus
|
constitutional law
equal protection clause
upheld the use of race in admissions
race-conscious admissions policies
impact on college admissions
|
|
gptkbp:outcome
|
upheld affirmative action policies
|
|
gptkbp:partOf
|
higher education law
|
|
gptkbp:politicalParty
|
gptkb:Justice_Sandra_Day_O'Connor
|
|
gptkbp:precedent
|
gptkb:Grutter_v._Bollinger
allowed limited use of race in admissions
|
|
gptkbp:relatedPatent
|
gptkb:Schuette_v._Coalition_to_Defend_Affirmative_Action
gptkb:Fisher_v._University_of_Texas_at_Austin
diversity in education
affirmative action in higher education
|
|
gptkbp:relatedTo
|
gptkb:Bollinger_v._Gratz
|