Against Heresies
E98429
Against Heresies is a foundational 2nd-century Christian theological work that systematically refutes Gnostic teachings and defends orthodox doctrine.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Against Heresies canonical | 3 |
| Adversus Haereses | 2 |
| Refutation of All Heresies | 2 |
| On the Detection and Overthrow of the So-Called Gnosis | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T823515 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Against Heresies Context triple: [Irenaeus of Lyons, notableWork, Against Heresies]
-
A.
Four Orations Against the Arians
Four Orations Against the Arians is a series of theological discourses by Athanasius of Alexandria defending Nicene orthodoxy and refuting Arian Christology in the early Christian church.
-
B.
De veritate religionis Christianae
De veritate religionis Christianae is a 17th-century apologetic treatise that presents a rational defense of Christianity, written by the Dutch jurist and theologian Hugo Grotius.
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C.
Several Tracts and Discourses
"Several Tracts and Discourses" is a collection of theological and moral writings by the English churchman and Archbishop of York John Sharp.
-
D.
Against Eunomius
Against Eunomius is a major theological treatise by Gregory of Nyssa that systematically refutes the teachings of the Arian theologian Eunomius and defends Nicene Trinitarian doctrine.
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E.
Anaphora of St. Athanasius
The Anaphora of St. Athanasius is a principal Eucharistic prayer used in the Armenian Rite, traditionally attributed to St. Athanasius and central to the celebration of the Divine Liturgy.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Against Heresies Target entity description: Against Heresies is a foundational 2nd-century Christian theological work that systematically refutes Gnostic teachings and defends orthodox doctrine.
-
A.
Four Orations Against the Arians
Four Orations Against the Arians is a series of theological discourses by Athanasius of Alexandria defending Nicene orthodoxy and refuting Arian Christology in the early Christian church.
-
B.
De veritate religionis Christianae
De veritate religionis Christianae is a 17th-century apologetic treatise that presents a rational defense of Christianity, written by the Dutch jurist and theologian Hugo Grotius.
-
C.
Several Tracts and Discourses
"Several Tracts and Discourses" is a collection of theological and moral writings by the English churchman and Archbishop of York John Sharp.
-
D.
Against Eunomius
Against Eunomius is a major theological treatise by Gregory of Nyssa that systematically refutes the teachings of the Arian theologian Eunomius and defends Nicene Trinitarian doctrine.
-
E.
Anaphora of St. Athanasius
The Anaphora of St. Athanasius is a principal Eucharistic prayer used in the Armenian Rite, traditionally attributed to St. Athanasius and central to the celebration of the Divine Liturgy.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Christian apologetic work
ⓘ
Christian theological work ⓘ anti-Gnostic treatise ⓘ patristic text ⓘ |
| affirms |
authority of the fourfold Gospel
ⓘ
continuity of Old and New Testaments ⓘ goodness of creation ⓘ real humanity and divinity of Christ ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Against Heresies
ⓘ
surface form:
Adversus Haereses
Against Heresies ⓘ
surface form:
On the Detection and Overthrow of the So-Called Gnosis
|
| approximateDate | c. 180 CE ⓘ |
| author |
Irenaeus of Lyons
ⓘ
Irenaeus of Lyons ⓘ
surface form:
Saint Irenaeus
|
| book1Focus | description and critique of various Gnostic systems ⓘ |
| book2Focus | philosophical and logical refutation of Gnostic doctrines ⓘ |
| book3Focus | defense of apostolic preaching and succession ⓘ |
| book4Focus | exegesis of Scripture and moral teaching ⓘ |
| book5Focus | eschatology and resurrection of the flesh ⓘ |
| bookCount | 5 ⓘ |
| contains | early list of four canonical Gospels ⓘ |
| dateWritten | late 2nd century ⓘ |
| genre | polemical theology ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance |
foundational work of early Christian theology
ⓘ
major source on 2nd-century Gnosticism ⓘ |
| influenced |
development of Christian orthodoxy
ⓘ
doctrine of apostolic succession ⓘ formation of the New Testament canon concept ⓘ later patristic theology ⓘ |
| keyTheme |
apostolic succession
ⓘ
Incarnation of Christ ⓘ
surface form:
incarnation of Christ
resurrection of the body ⓘ rule of faith ⓘ unity of God ⓘ |
| language | Greek ⓘ |
| opposes |
Marcionism
ⓘ
Valentinianism ⓘ
surface form:
Valentinian Gnosticism
various Gnostic sects ⓘ |
| originalTitle | Ἔλεγχος καὶ ἀνατροπὴ τῆς ψευδωνύμου γνώσεως ⓘ |
| placeWritten |
Gaul
ⓘ
Lugdunum ⓘ |
| preservationStatus |
Greek fragments preserved in later authors
ⓘ
survives largely in Latin translation ⓘ |
| primaryPurpose |
defense of orthodox Christian doctrine
ⓘ
refutation of Gnosticism ⓘ |
| religiousTradition | Christianity ⓘ |
| structure | five books ⓘ |
| subject |
Christian doctrine
ⓘ
Gnostic teachings ⓘ heresies ⓘ |
| theologicalOrientation | proto-orthodox Christianity ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Against Heresies Description of subject: Against Heresies is a foundational 2nd-century Christian theological work that systematically refutes Gnostic teachings and defends orthodox doctrine.
Referenced by (8)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Adversus Haereses
this entity surface form:
Adversus Haereses
this entity surface form:
On the Detection and Overthrow of the So-Called Gnosis
this entity surface form:
Refutation of All Heresies
subject surface form:
Contra Noetum
this entity surface form:
Refutation of All Heresies