Periplus of the Euxine Sea
E951205
Periplus of the Euxine Sea is an ancient Greek navigational and geographical account of the Black Sea region traditionally attributed to the historian and military commander Arrian of Nicomedia.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Periplus of the Euxine Sea canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T11880639 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Periplus of the Euxine Sea Context triple: [Arrian of Nicomedia, notableWork, Periplus of the Euxine Sea]
-
A.
Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea is a mid-1st-century CE Greek navigational and trading manual that describes the ports, peoples, and commerce of the Red Sea, Arabian Sea, and Indian Ocean regions.
-
B.
De expeditione Heraclii imperatoris
De expeditione Heraclii imperatoris is a Byzantine Greek epic poem by George of Pisidia that celebrates Emperor Heraclius’s military campaigns against the Persians in the early 7th century.
-
C.
The Keys of Marinus
The Keys of Marinus is a 1964 six-part serial from the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, written by Terry Nation and featuring the First Doctor on a quest across an alien world to recover powerful micro-keys.
-
D.
Ptolemy’s Geography
Ptolemy’s Geography is a 2nd-century CE cartographic and geographical treatise by Claudius Ptolemy that systematically mapped the known world using a coordinate-based system.
-
E.
The Golden Oecumene
The Golden Oecumene is a far-future, post-singularity human civilization featured in John C. Wright’s science fiction novels, characterized by extreme technological advancement, virtual realities, and radically transformed human existence.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Periplus of the Euxine Sea Target entity description: Periplus of the Euxine Sea is an ancient Greek navigational and geographical account of the Black Sea region traditionally attributed to the historian and military commander Arrian of Nicomedia.
-
A.
Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea is a mid-1st-century CE Greek navigational and trading manual that describes the ports, peoples, and commerce of the Red Sea, Arabian Sea, and Indian Ocean regions.
-
B.
De expeditione Heraclii imperatoris
De expeditione Heraclii imperatoris is a Byzantine Greek epic poem by George of Pisidia that celebrates Emperor Heraclius’s military campaigns against the Persians in the early 7th century.
-
C.
The Keys of Marinus
The Keys of Marinus is a 1964 six-part serial from the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, written by Terry Nation and featuring the First Doctor on a quest across an alien world to recover powerful micro-keys.
-
D.
Ptolemy’s Geography
Ptolemy’s Geography is a 2nd-century CE cartographic and geographical treatise by Claudius Ptolemy that systematically mapped the known world using a coordinate-based system.
-
E.
The Golden Oecumene
The Golden Oecumene is a far-future, post-singularity human civilization featured in John C. Wright’s science fiction novels, characterized by extreme technological advancement, virtual realities, and radically transformed human existence.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
ancient Greek work
ⓘ
geographical work ⓘ navigational text ⓘ periplus ⓘ |
| alternativeName |
Periplus Ponti Euxini
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Periplus of the Black Sea NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| attributedAuthor | Arrian NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| author | Arrian of Nicomedia NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin |
Greek Antiquity
ⓘ
surface form:
Ancient Greece
|
| describes |
coasts of the Black Sea
ⓘ
distances between coastal points ⓘ ethnographic information about Black Sea peoples ⓘ geographical features of the Black Sea region ⓘ ports of the Black Sea ⓘ sailing routes from the Bosporus around the Black Sea ⓘ |
| focusesOn |
coastal sailing directions
ⓘ
geography ⓘ navigation ⓘ |
| genre | periplus ⓘ |
| hasTranslation |
English
ⓘ
Latin ⓘ modern European languages ⓘ |
| historicalPeriodDescribed | Roman rule around the Black Sea ⓘ |
| language | Ancient Greek ⓘ |
| mainSubject |
Black Sea
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Euxine Sea NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| mentions |
cities around the Black Sea
ⓘ
harbours around the Black Sea ⓘ |
| originalLanguage | Ancient Greek ⓘ |
| partOf | corpus of Arrian's works ⓘ |
| placeOfOrigin | Roman Empire NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| preservedIn | medieval manuscripts ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Black Sea trade routes
ⓘ
Roman provincial administration around the Black Sea ⓘ |
| relatedWork |
Anabasis of Alexander
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Indica NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| subjectOf |
classical philology studies
ⓘ
historical geography research ⓘ textual criticism ⓘ |
| timePeriod |
2nd century
ⓘ
Roman Imperial period NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| title | Periplus of the Euxine Sea NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| traditionallyAttributedTo | Arrian of Nicomedia NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| usedAs |
source for ancient geography of the Black Sea
ⓘ
source for ancient navigation practices ⓘ |
| writtenIn | 2nd century CE ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Periplus of the Euxine Sea Description of subject: Periplus of the Euxine Sea is an ancient Greek navigational and geographical account of the Black Sea region traditionally attributed to the historian and military commander Arrian of Nicomedia.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.