Gemella
E938724
Gemella is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria commonly found as part of the normal flora in the human oral cavity and upper respiratory tract, though some species can act as opportunistic pathogens.
All labels observed (6)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Gemella canonical | 1 |
| Gemella cuniculi | 1 |
| Gemella haemolysans | 1 |
| Gemella morbillorum | 1 |
| Gemella palaticanis | 1 |
| Gemella taiwanensis | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T11642996 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gemella Context triple: [Bacillales, includesGenus, Gemella]
-
A.
Moraxella
Moraxella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that commonly colonize the mucosal surfaces of humans and animals, with some species acting as important respiratory pathogens.
-
B.
Actinomyces
Actinomyces is a genus of filamentous, Gram-positive bacteria known for causing chronic, suppurative infections in humans and animals, particularly actinomycosis.
-
C.
Wolinella
Wolinella is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria known for inhabiting animal gastrointestinal tracts and participating in hydrogen-based syntrophic relationships.
-
D.
Pasteurella
Pasteurella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria best known for causing zoonotic infections in humans and animals, often transmitted through bites or scratches from domestic pets.
-
E.
Haemophilus
Haemophilus is a genus of small, Gram-negative bacteria that includes species responsible for respiratory tract infections and serious invasive diseases in humans.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gemella Target entity description: Gemella is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria commonly found as part of the normal flora in the human oral cavity and upper respiratory tract, though some species can act as opportunistic pathogens.
-
A.
Moraxella
Moraxella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that commonly colonize the mucosal surfaces of humans and animals, with some species acting as important respiratory pathogens.
-
B.
Actinomyces
Actinomyces is a genus of filamentous, Gram-positive bacteria known for causing chronic, suppurative infections in humans and animals, particularly actinomycosis.
-
C.
Wolinella
Wolinella is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria known for inhabiting animal gastrointestinal tracts and participating in hydrogen-based syntrophic relationships.
-
D.
Pasteurella
Pasteurella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria best known for causing zoonotic infections in humans and animals, often transmitted through bites or scratches from domestic pets.
-
E.
Haemophilus
Haemophilus is a genus of small, Gram-negative bacteria that includes species responsible for respiratory tract infections and serious invasive diseases in humans.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (43)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | bacterial genus ⓘ |
| associatedWithDisease |
bacteremia
ⓘ
bone and joint infections ⓘ central nervous system infections ⓘ infective endocarditis ⓘ oral infections ⓘ pulmonary infections ⓘ |
| catalaseReaction | catalase-negative ⓘ |
| cellArrangement |
pairs
ⓘ
short chains ⓘ |
| cellShape | coccus ⓘ |
| cellWallComponent | peptidoglycan ⓘ |
| class |
Bacilli
ⓘ
linked to:
Bacillales
|
| colonizes | mucosal surfaces ⓘ |
| commonlyIsolatedFrom |
dental plaque
ⓘ
human clinical specimens ⓘ oropharyngeal samples ⓘ |
| domain | Bacteria ⓘ |
| family | Gemellaceae ⓘ |
| firstDescriptionYear | 1960 ⓘ |
| gramStain | Gram-positive ⓘ |
| habitat |
gastrointestinal tract
ⓘ
genitourinary tract ⓘ human oral cavity ⓘ upper respiratory tract ⓘ |
| hasSpecies |
Gemella bergeriae
ⓘ
Gemella cuniculi ⓘ
linked to:
Gemella
Gemella haemolysans ⓘ
linked to:
Gemella
Gemella morbillorum ⓘ
linked to:
Gemella
Gemella palaticanis ⓘ
linked to:
Gemella
Gemella sanguinis ⓘ Gemella taiwanensis ⓘ
linked to:
Gemella
|
| kingdom | Bacteria ⓘ |
| metabolism | fermentative ⓘ |
| order | Lactobacillales ⓘ |
| oxygenRequirement | facultative anaerobe ⓘ |
| pathogenicity | opportunistic pathogen ⓘ |
| phylum |
Bacillota
ⓘ
linked to:
Firmicutes
|
| relevance |
clinical microbiology
ⓘ
oral microbiology ⓘ |
| role | normal human microbiota ⓘ |
| taxonRank | genus ⓘ |
| typeSpecies | Gemella haemolysans ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Gemella Description of subject: Gemella is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria commonly found as part of the normal flora in the human oral cavity and upper respiratory tract, though some species can act as opportunistic pathogens.
Referenced by (6)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Gemella
linked to: Gemella
linked to: Gemella
linked to: Gemella
linked to: Gemella