Photorhabdus
E931847
Photorhabdus is a genus of bioluminescent, insect-pathogenic bacteria that live in symbiosis with nematodes and are used as biological control agents.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Photorhabdus canonical | 3 |
| Photorhabdus luminescens | 2 |
| Photorhabdus asymbiotica | 1 |
| Photorhabdus temperata | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T11515295 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Photorhabdus Context triple: [Gammaproteobacteria, includesGenus, Photorhabdus]
-
A.
Psychrobacter
Psychrobacter is a genus of cold-adapted, often psychrophilic bacteria commonly found in low-temperature environments such as polar regions, deep seas, and refrigerated foods.
-
B.
Pectobacterium
Pectobacterium is a genus of plant-pathogenic bacteria known for causing soft rot diseases in a wide range of crops by degrading plant cell walls.
-
C.
Wolinella
Wolinella is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria known for inhabiting animal gastrointestinal tracts and participating in hydrogen-based syntrophic relationships.
-
D.
Sulfurospirillum
Sulfurospirillum is a genus of spiral-shaped, sulfur-reducing bacteria commonly found in anaerobic aquatic and sediment environments.
-
E.
Smaragdicoccus
Smaragdicoccus is a bacterial genus within the order Corynebacteriales, a group that includes diverse actinobacteria often associated with soil, aquatic environments, and host-associated microbiomes.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Photorhabdus Target entity description: Photorhabdus is a genus of bioluminescent, insect-pathogenic bacteria that live in symbiosis with nematodes and are used as biological control agents.
-
A.
Psychrobacter
Psychrobacter is a genus of cold-adapted, often psychrophilic bacteria commonly found in low-temperature environments such as polar regions, deep seas, and refrigerated foods.
-
B.
Pectobacterium
Pectobacterium is a genus of plant-pathogenic bacteria known for causing soft rot diseases in a wide range of crops by degrading plant cell walls.
-
C.
Wolinella
Wolinella is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria known for inhabiting animal gastrointestinal tracts and participating in hydrogen-based syntrophic relationships.
-
D.
Sulfurospirillum
Sulfurospirillum is a genus of spiral-shaped, sulfur-reducing bacteria commonly found in anaerobic aquatic and sediment environments.
-
E.
Smaragdicoccus
Smaragdicoccus is a bacterial genus within the order Corynebacteriales, a group that includes diverse actinobacteria often associated with soil, aquatic environments, and host-associated microbiomes.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
bacteria genus
ⓘ
genus ⓘ |
| associatedWith | insect cadavers ⓘ |
| belongsToGroup | entomopathogenic bacteria ⓘ |
| bioluminescenceSystem | lux operon ⓘ |
| causes | insect septicemia ⓘ |
| domain | Bacteria ⓘ |
| firstDescribedBy |
Akhurst
ⓘ
Boemare ⓘ |
| firstDescribedInYear | 1988 ⓘ |
| formsSymbiosisWith |
Heterorhabditis
ⓘ
entomopathogenic nematodes ⓘ |
| gramStain | Gram-negative ⓘ |
| habitat |
insect hemocoel
ⓘ
nematode intestine ⓘ |
| hasCellShape | rod-shaped ⓘ |
| hasSpecies |
Photorhabdus asymbiotica
ⓘ
linked to:
Photorhabdus
Photorhabdus luminescens ⓘ
linked to:
Photorhabdus
Photorhabdus temperata ⓘ
linked to:
Photorhabdus
|
| isBioluminescent | true ⓘ |
| isEntomopathogenic | true ⓘ |
| isInsectPathogen | true ⓘ |
| metabolism | facultatively anaerobic ⓘ |
| motility | motile ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Greek words for light and rod ⓘ |
| oxygenRequirement | facultative anaerobe ⓘ |
| parentTaxon |
Enterobacterales
ⓘ
Gammaproteobacteria ⓘ Morganellaceae ⓘ Proteobacteria ⓘ |
| pathogenicTo |
Coleoptera larvae
ⓘ
Diptera larvae ⓘ Lepidoptera larvae ⓘ |
| produces |
antibiotics
ⓘ
crystalline inclusion proteins ⓘ secondary metabolites ⓘ toxins ⓘ |
| reproduction | binary fission ⓘ |
| studiedFor |
biocontrol applications
ⓘ
insect-pathogen interactions ⓘ natural product discovery ⓘ |
| symbiontOf |
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
ⓘ
linked to:
Heterorhabditis
Heterorhabditis megidis ⓘ
linked to:
Heterorhabditis
|
| taxonRank | genus ⓘ |
| typeSpecies |
Photorhabdus luminescens
ⓘ
linked to:
Photorhabdus
|
| usedAs | biological control agent ⓘ |
| usedFor | biological control of insect pests ⓘ |
| usedIn | integrated pest management ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Photorhabdus Description of subject: Photorhabdus is a genus of bioluminescent, insect-pathogenic bacteria that live in symbiosis with nematodes and are used as biological control agents.
Referenced by (7)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Photorhabdus
linked to: Photorhabdus
linked to: Photorhabdus
linked to: Photorhabdus