Fermi golden rule
E914952
The Fermi golden rule is a fundamental quantum mechanical formula that gives the transition rate between energy states due to a weak perturbation, widely used to describe processes like spontaneous emission and scattering.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Fermi golden rule canonical | 1 |
| Fermi’s golden rule | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T11265309 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fermi golden rule Context triple: [Purcell effect, relatedTo, Fermi golden rule]
-
A.
Landau–Zener formula
The Landau–Zener formula is a quantum mechanical result that gives the probability of non-adiabatic transitions between energy levels during an avoided crossing when a system’s parameters are varied in time.
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B.
Feynman–Hellmann theorem
The Feynman–Hellmann theorem is a result in quantum mechanics that relates the derivative of an energy eigenvalue with respect to a parameter in the Hamiltonian to the expectation value of the corresponding derivative of the Hamiltonian.
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C.
Einstein coefficients
Einstein coefficients are parameters in quantum theory that quantify the probabilities of absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission of radiation by atoms or molecules.
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D.
Huang–Rhys factor
The Huang–Rhys factor is a dimensionless parameter in solid-state and molecular spectroscopy that quantifies the strength of electron–phonon (vibronic) coupling during electronic transitions.
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E.
Fokker–Planck equation
The Fokker–Planck equation is a partial differential equation that describes the time evolution of the probability density function of a stochastic (random) process, such as Brownian motion.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fermi golden rule Target entity description: The Fermi golden rule is a fundamental quantum mechanical formula that gives the transition rate between energy states due to a weak perturbation, widely used to describe processes like spontaneous emission and scattering.
-
A.
Landau–Zener formula
The Landau–Zener formula is a quantum mechanical result that gives the probability of non-adiabatic transitions between energy levels during an avoided crossing when a system’s parameters are varied in time.
-
B.
Feynman–Hellmann theorem
The Feynman–Hellmann theorem is a result in quantum mechanics that relates the derivative of an energy eigenvalue with respect to a parameter in the Hamiltonian to the expectation value of the corresponding derivative of the Hamiltonian.
-
C.
Einstein coefficients
Einstein coefficients are parameters in quantum theory that quantify the probabilities of absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission of radiation by atoms or molecules.
-
D.
Huang–Rhys factor
The Huang–Rhys factor is a dimensionless parameter in solid-state and molecular spectroscopy that quantifies the strength of electron–phonon (vibronic) coupling during electronic transitions.
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E.
Fokker–Planck equation
The Fokker–Planck equation is a partial differential equation that describes the time evolution of the probability density function of a stochastic (random) process, such as Brownian motion.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
physical law
ⓘ
quantum mechanical formula ⓘ transition rate formula ⓘ |
| appliesTo | weak perturbations ⓘ |
| approximationType | first-order approximation ⓘ |
| assumes |
continuum of final states
ⓘ
weak coupling between initial and final states ⓘ |
| basedOn | time-dependent perturbation theory ⓘ |
| describes | transition rate between quantum states ⓘ |
| expresses | probability per unit time of a transition ⓘ |
| field |
quantum mechanics
ⓘ
theoretical physics ⓘ |
| hasForm | transition rate proportional to |⟨f|V|i⟩|² ρ(Ef) ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | 20th century ⓘ |
| involvesQuantity |
Dirac delta function for energy conservation
ⓘ
squared modulus of the matrix element ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Enrico Fermi NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Born approximation
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Einstein A coefficient NERFINISHED ⓘ Einstein B coefficients NERFINISHED ⓘ Fermi’s golden rule in many-body theory NERFINISHED ⓘ S-matrix theory NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relates |
transition rate to density of final states
ⓘ
transition rate to matrix element of perturbation ⓘ |
| symbolUses |
density of states ρ(E)
ⓘ
final state |f⟩ ⓘ initial state |i⟩ ⓘ perturbation operator V ⓘ |
| usedFor |
decay processes
ⓘ
electron-phonon interactions ⓘ nuclear decay rates ⓘ optical absorption ⓘ phonon scattering ⓘ scattering processes ⓘ spontaneous emission ⓘ stimulated emission ⓘ transition probabilities in atoms ⓘ transition probabilities in molecules ⓘ transition probabilities in solids ⓘ tunneling transitions ⓘ |
| usedIn |
atomic physics
ⓘ
condensed matter physics ⓘ molecular physics ⓘ nuclear physics ⓘ particle physics ⓘ quantum optics ⓘ solid-state physics ⓘ |
| validWhen |
first-order perturbation theory is adequate
ⓘ
perturbation is time-independent or slowly varying ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Fermi golden rule Description of subject: The Fermi golden rule is a fundamental quantum mechanical formula that gives the transition rate between energy states due to a weak perturbation, widely used to describe processes like spontaneous emission and scattering.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Fermi’s golden rule