Triple
T17105342
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Kramers–Heisenberg dispersion formula |
E415083
|
entity |
| Predicate | relatedTo |
P37
|
FINISHED |
| Object | Fermi’s golden rule |
E914952
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Fermi’s golden rule | Statement: [Kramers–Heisenberg dispersion formula, relatedTo, Fermi’s golden rule]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fermi’s golden rule Context triple: [Kramers–Heisenberg dispersion formula, relatedTo, Fermi’s golden rule]
-
A.
Fermi golden rule
chosen
The Fermi golden rule is a fundamental quantum mechanical formula that gives the transition rate between energy states due to a weak perturbation, widely used to describe processes like spontaneous emission and scattering.
-
B.
Landau–Zener formula
The Landau–Zener formula is a quantum mechanical result that gives the probability of non-adiabatic transitions between energy levels during an avoided crossing when a system’s parameters are varied in time.
-
C.
Feynman–Hellmann theorem
The Feynman–Hellmann theorem is a result in quantum mechanics that relates the derivative of an energy eigenvalue with respect to a parameter in the Hamiltonian to the expectation value of the corresponding derivative of the Hamiltonian.
-
D.
Weisskopf–Wigner theory of spontaneous emission
The Weisskopf–Wigner theory of spontaneous emission is a foundational quantum electrodynamics model that explains how excited atomic states decay probabilistically by emitting photons, yielding the characteristic exponential decay law and natural linewidths of spectral lines.
-
E.
Klein–Nishina formula
The Klein–Nishina formula is a fundamental result in quantum electrodynamics that gives the differential cross section for Compton scattering of photons by free electrons, incorporating relativistic and quantum effects.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (3 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d886cfc8e88190b05ba466edd35591 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 5:12 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e3dc2683fc81908af2df9012addecb |
completed | April 18, 2026, 7:31 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_6a0139ffbe808190a24e827331ee4a6c |
completed | May 11, 2026, 2:07 a.m. |
Created at: April 10, 2026, 5:35 a.m.