Meissner effect
E8658
The Meissner effect is the phenomenon in which a superconductor expels magnetic fields from its interior when cooled below its critical temperature, leading to perfect diamagnetism.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Meissner effect canonical | 9 |
| Meissner–Ochsenfeld effect | 1 |
| Meissner–Ochsenfeld experiment | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T100385 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Meissner effect Context triple: [BCS theory of superconductivity, predicts, Meissner effect]
-
A.
BCS theory of superconductivity
The BCS theory of superconductivity is a fundamental microscopic theory that explains superconductivity through the formation of Cooper pairs of electrons and their collective quantum behavior in a solid.
-
B.
Bose–Einstein condensate
A Bose–Einstein condensate is an exotic state of matter formed when a dilute gas of bosons is cooled to temperatures near absolute zero, causing a large fraction of the particles to occupy the same quantum state and behave as a single quantum entity.
-
C.
Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect
The Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect is a quantum optical phenomenon in which correlations in the arrival times of identical particles, such as photons, reveal their underlying statistical and coherence properties.
-
D.
Bardeen
Bardeen is a surname most notably associated with John Bardeen, the American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics twice for his work on the transistor and superconductivity.
-
E.
Bose–Einstein statistics
Bose–Einstein statistics is a quantum statistical framework that describes the distribution and collective behavior of indistinguishable bosons, underpinning phenomena such as Bose–Einstein condensation.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Meissner effect Target entity description: The Meissner effect is the phenomenon in which a superconductor expels magnetic fields from its interior when cooled below its critical temperature, leading to perfect diamagnetism.
-
A.
BCS theory of superconductivity
The BCS theory of superconductivity is a fundamental microscopic theory that explains superconductivity through the formation of Cooper pairs of electrons and their collective quantum behavior in a solid.
-
B.
Bose–Einstein condensate
A Bose–Einstein condensate is an exotic state of matter formed when a dilute gas of bosons is cooled to temperatures near absolute zero, causing a large fraction of the particles to occupy the same quantum state and behave as a single quantum entity.
-
C.
Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect
The Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect is a quantum optical phenomenon in which correlations in the arrival times of identical particles, such as photons, reveal their underlying statistical and coherence properties.
-
D.
Bardeen
Bardeen is a surname most notably associated with John Bardeen, the American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics twice for his work on the transistor and superconductivity.
-
E.
Bose–Einstein statistics
Bose–Einstein statistics is a quantum statistical framework that describes the distribution and collective behavior of indistinguishable bosons, underpinning phenomena such as Bose–Einstein condensation.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
physical phenomenon
ⓘ
superconductivity phenomenon ⓘ |
| appliesTo | bulk superconducting materials ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
critical magnetic field
ⓘ
penetration depth ⓘ type I superconductors ⓘ type II superconductors ⓘ |
| behaviorInTypeI | complete flux expulsion below critical field ⓘ |
| behaviorInTypeII | partial flux penetration via vortices between Hc1 and Hc2 ⓘ |
| characterizedBy |
magnetic flux expulsion
ⓘ
surface screening currents ⓘ zero magnetic field in bulk of superconductor ⓘ |
| condition |
material in superconducting state
ⓘ
temperature below critical temperature ⓘ |
| contrastsWith | flux trapping in type II superconductors ⓘ |
| describes | expulsion of magnetic field from a superconductor ⓘ |
| discoveredBy |
Robert Ochsenfeld
ⓘ
Walther Meissner ⓘ |
| discoveryYear | 1933 ⓘ |
| distinguishes | superconductors from ideal perfect conductors ⓘ |
| enables | stable magnetic levitation of magnets above superconductors ⓘ |
| explainedBy | London theory of superconductivity ⓘ |
| field |
condensed matter physics
ⓘ
superconductivity ⓘ |
| hasConsequence | superconductors expel weak magnetic fields from interior ⓘ |
| implies |
magnetic susceptibility of −1 in SI units for ideal bulk superconductor
ⓘ
superconductors are not just perfect conductors ⓘ |
| limitedBy | critical magnetic field strength ⓘ |
| mathematicalDescription | exponential decay of magnetic field over penetration depth ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Walther Meissner ⓘ |
| notObservedIn | normal metals ⓘ |
| observedIn |
high-temperature superconductors
ⓘ
low-temperature superconductors ⓘ |
| occursIn | superconductors ⓘ |
| occursWhen | external magnetic field is applied before or during transition to superconducting state ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
Abrikosov vortices
ⓘ
Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity ⓘ
surface form:
Ginzburg–Landau theory
London penetration depth ⓘ diamagnetism ⓘ perfect conductivity ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
BCS theory of superconductivity
ⓘ
surface form:
BCS theory
London equations ⓘ flux pinning ⓘ magnetic levitation ⓘ |
| requires | cooling below critical temperature ⓘ |
| result | perfect diamagnetism ⓘ |
| usedIn |
demonstrations of quantum levitation
ⓘ
magnetic shielding applications ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Meissner effect Description of subject: The Meissner effect is the phenomenon in which a superconductor expels magnetic fields from its interior when cooled below its critical temperature, leading to perfect diamagnetism.
Referenced by (11)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Meissner–Ochsenfeld experiment
this entity surface form:
Meissner–Ochsenfeld effect