Abrikosov vortices
E48481
Abrikosov vortices are quantized magnetic flux lines that penetrate type-II superconductors in a regular lattice when exposed to magnetic fields above a critical value.
All labels observed (5)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Abrikosov vortex lattice | 2 |
| Abrikosov vortices canonical | 2 |
| Abrikosov lattice | 1 |
| Abrikosov vortex lattice solution | 1 |
| Nielsen–Olesen vortex solution | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T380114 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Abrikosov vortices Context triple: [Meissner effect, relatedConcept, Abrikosov vortices]
-
A.
Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity
The Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity is a phenomenological framework that describes superconductors using a complex order parameter and macroscopic equations to capture phase transitions, coherence length, and magnetic behavior.
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B.
Bardeen–Stephen model of flux flow in superconductors
The Bardeen–Stephen model of flux flow in superconductors is a theoretical framework that describes how magnetic vortices move and dissipate energy in type-II superconductors under applied currents and fields.
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C.
BCS theory of superconductivity
The BCS theory of superconductivity is a fundamental microscopic theory that explains superconductivity through the formation of Cooper pairs of electrons and their collective quantum behavior in a solid.
-
D.
Meissner effect
The Meissner effect is the phenomenon in which a superconductor expels magnetic fields from its interior when cooled below its critical temperature, leading to perfect diamagnetism.
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E.
London equations
The London equations are fundamental relations in superconductivity that describe how magnetic fields behave inside superconductors, capturing key features like the Meissner effect and zero electrical resistance.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Abrikosov vortices Target entity description: Abrikosov vortices are quantized magnetic flux lines that penetrate type-II superconductors in a regular lattice when exposed to magnetic fields above a critical value.
-
A.
Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity
The Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity is a phenomenological framework that describes superconductors using a complex order parameter and macroscopic equations to capture phase transitions, coherence length, and magnetic behavior.
-
B.
Bardeen–Stephen model of flux flow in superconductors
The Bardeen–Stephen model of flux flow in superconductors is a theoretical framework that describes how magnetic vortices move and dissipate energy in type-II superconductors under applied currents and fields.
-
C.
BCS theory of superconductivity
The BCS theory of superconductivity is a fundamental microscopic theory that explains superconductivity through the formation of Cooper pairs of electrons and their collective quantum behavior in a solid.
-
D.
Meissner effect
The Meissner effect is the phenomenon in which a superconductor expels magnetic fields from its interior when cooled below its critical temperature, leading to perfect diamagnetism.
-
E.
London equations
The London equations are fundamental relations in superconductivity that describe how magnetic fields behave inside superconductors, capturing key features like the Meissner effect and zero electrical resistance.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
quantized magnetic flux line
ⓘ
topological defect ⓘ |
| canBe |
pinned by material defects
ⓘ
set in motion by Lorentz force from transport current ⓘ |
| describedBy |
Abrikosov vortices
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Abrikosov vortex lattice solution
Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity ⓘ
surface form:
Ginzburg–Landau theory
|
| fluxQuantum | h/2e ⓘ |
| foundIn |
high-temperature cuprate superconductors
ⓘ
iron-based superconductors ⓘ magnesium diboride superconductors ⓘ niobium-based superconductors ⓘ |
| hasApplication |
design of superconducting magnets
ⓘ
determining superconducting parameters from vortex lattice measurements ⓘ optimization of critical currents via pinning engineering ⓘ |
| hasCoreState | normal state of the superconductor ⓘ |
| hasEffect |
allow partial magnetic field penetration into type-II superconductors
ⓘ
determine mixed state properties of type-II superconductors ⓘ influence critical current via vortex pinning ⓘ |
| hasProperty |
are quantized in units of flux quantum Φ0
ⓘ
are stabilized by applied magnetic field ⓘ break superconductivity locally in the core ⓘ can form square lattice in some materials ⓘ can form triangular lattice ⓘ carry quantized magnetic flux ⓘ exist below upper critical field Hc2 ⓘ form a vortex lattice ⓘ have normal-conducting core ⓘ interact repulsively with each other ⓘ penetrate superconductors above lower critical field Hc1 ⓘ surrounded by circulating supercurrents ⓘ |
| hasSurroundingRegion | superconducting condensate with phase winding ⓘ |
| hasTopologicalCharge | integer winding number ⓘ |
| motionCauses | dissipation and finite resistance ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Alexei Abrikosov ⓘ |
| observedBy |
Lorentz transmission electron microscopy
ⓘ
magnetic decoration techniques ⓘ muon spin rotation ⓘ scanning tunneling microscopy ⓘ small-angle neutron scattering ⓘ |
| occursIn | type-II superconductor ⓘ |
| occursWhen | applied magnetic field is between Hc1 and Hc2 ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Meissner effect
ⓘ
flux pinning ⓘ mixed state of type-II superconductors ⓘ vortex glass phase ⓘ vortex liquid phase ⓘ |
| requires | Ginzburg–Landau parameter κ greater than 1/√2 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Abrikosov vortices Description of subject: Abrikosov vortices are quantized magnetic flux lines that penetrate type-II superconductors in a regular lattice when exposed to magnetic fields above a critical value.
Referenced by (7)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Abrikosov vortex lattice
this entity surface form:
Abrikosov vortex lattice solution
this entity surface form:
Nielsen–Olesen vortex solution
this entity surface form:
Abrikosov vortex lattice
this entity surface form:
Abrikosov lattice