Issus
E857723
Issus was an ancient city in Cilicia, near the Gulf of İskenderun in modern-day Turkey, best known as the site of Alexander the Great’s decisive victory over the Persian king Darius III in 333 BCE.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Issus canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10335198 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Issus Context triple: [Mopsuestia, locatedWestOf, Issus]
-
A.
Hidra
Hidra is a scenic Norwegian island known for its rugged coastline, fishing heritage, and traditional coastal villages in the Agder region.
-
B.
Xuthus
Xuthus is a figure in Greek mythology, traditionally regarded as a son of Hellen and a progenitor of the Ionian and Achaean Greek tribes.
-
C.
Amarah
Amarah is a city in southeastern Iraq situated along the Tigris River and serving as the capital of Maysan Governorate.
-
D.
Condrusi
The Condrusi were an ancient Belgic tribe of northeastern Gaul, known from Julius Caesar’s accounts during the Gallic Wars.
-
E.
Iazyges
The Iazyges were a Sarmatian nomadic people of the Eurasian steppe who settled in the Carpathian Basin and became notable adversaries of the Roman Empire during the Marcomannic Wars.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Issus Target entity description: Issus was an ancient city in Cilicia, near the Gulf of İskenderun in modern-day Turkey, best known as the site of Alexander the Great’s decisive victory over the Persian king Darius III in 333 BCE.
-
A.
Hidra
Hidra is a scenic Norwegian island known for its rugged coastline, fishing heritage, and traditional coastal villages in the Agder region.
-
B.
Xuthus
Xuthus is a figure in Greek mythology, traditionally regarded as a son of Hellen and a progenitor of the Ionian and Achaean Greek tribes.
-
C.
Amarah
Amarah is a city in southeastern Iraq situated along the Tigris River and serving as the capital of Maysan Governorate.
-
D.
Condrusi
The Condrusi were an ancient Belgic tribe of northeastern Gaul, known from Julius Caesar’s accounts during the Gallic Wars.
-
E.
Iazyges
The Iazyges were a Sarmatian nomadic people of the Eurasian steppe who settled in the Carpathian Basin and became notable adversaries of the Roman Empire during the Marcomannic Wars.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
ancient city
ⓘ
archaeological site ⓘ |
| approximateDateOfMajorEvent | 333 BCE ⓘ |
| archaeologicalStatus | partially identified site ⓘ |
| associatedWithPerson |
Alexander the Great
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Darius III NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| battleClassification | decisive battle site ⓘ |
| coordinateRole | strategic pass between Anatolia and Syria ⓘ |
| country | Turkey ⓘ |
| culture |
Greco-Persian
ⓘ
Hellenistic ⓘ |
| era | Antiquity ⓘ |
| eventLocation | Battle of Issus NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| historicalRegion | Cilicia Pedias NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance | turning point in Alexander’s conquest of the Achaemenid Empire ⓘ |
| knownFor |
Alexander the Great’s victory over Darius III
ⓘ
Battle of Issus NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| languageInUse |
Aramaic
ⓘ
Greek NERFINISHED ⓘ Old Persian NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| locatedIn | Cilicia NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| locatedInPresentDay | Turkey ⓘ |
| locatedInRegion |
eastern Mediterranean
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
southern Anatolia NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| locatedNear | Gulf of İskenderun NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| mentionedByAuthor |
Arrian
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Diodorus Siculus NERFINISHED ⓘ Plutarch NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| mentionedInWork | Anabasis of Alexander NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| nearBorderWith | Syria NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| nearModernSettlement |
Dörtyol district
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
İskenderun NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| partOf |
Achaemenid Empire
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Hellenistic world NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| regionToday | Hatay Province NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| religionHistorical | polytheism ⓘ |
| strategicImportance |
access to Cilician Gates
ⓘ
control of routes between Syria and Anatolia ⓘ |
| terrain |
coastal plain
ⓘ
near mountain passes ⓘ |
| timeOfFlourishing |
Classical period
ⓘ
Hellenistic period NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| underControlOf |
Achaemenid Persia
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Macedonian Empire NERFINISHED ⓘ Roman Empire NERFINISHED ⓘ Seleucid Empire NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| usedAs |
military staging area
ⓘ
trade route node ⓘ |
| watercourseNearby | Pinarus River NERFINISHED ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Issus Description of subject: Issus was an ancient city in Cilicia, near the Gulf of İskenderun in modern-day Turkey, best known as the site of Alexander the Great’s decisive victory over the Persian king Darius III in 333 BCE.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.