The Battle of Issus (painting by Albrecht Altdorfer)
E372002
The Battle of Issus (painting by Albrecht Altdorfer) is a monumental 1529 Renaissance history painting that dramatically portrays Alexander the Great’s victory over Darius III in a densely detailed, panoramic battlefield scene.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| The Battle of Alexander at Issus by Albrecht Altdorfer | 1 |
| The Battle of Issus (painting by Albrecht Altdorfer) canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3593484 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Battle of Issus (painting by Albrecht Altdorfer) Context triple: [Battle of Issus, depictedIn, The Battle of Issus (painting by Albrecht Altdorfer)]
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A.
The Rape of Europa by Titian
"The Rape of Europa" by Titian is a renowned 16th-century Venetian masterpiece depicting the mythological abduction of Europa by Zeus in the form of a bull.
-
B.
Lion Hunt mosaic
The Lion Hunt mosaic is a renowned ancient floor mosaic from Pella, Greece, depicting a dynamic lion-hunting scene and exemplifying the high artistic achievement of Hellenistic Macedonian art.
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C.
Lady with a Unicorn by Raphael
"Lady with a Unicorn" is a Renaissance portrait painting by Raphael depicting a young woman holding a unicorn, celebrated for its refined composition and enigmatic symbolism.
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D.
Landscape with a Man Killed by a Snake (Poussin)
"Landscape with a Man Killed by a Snake" is a dramatic 1648 oil painting by Nicolas Poussin that exemplifies his classical landscape style and exploration of sudden violence within an ordered natural setting.
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E.
John Martin’s painting "Belshazzar’s Feast"
John Martin’s painting "Belshazzar’s Feast" is a dramatic 19th-century Romantic depiction of the biblical king Belshazzar witnessing the ominous writing on the wall foretelling his downfall.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Battle of Issus (painting by Albrecht Altdorfer) Target entity description: The Battle of Issus (painting by Albrecht Altdorfer) is a monumental 1529 Renaissance history painting that dramatically portrays Alexander the Great’s victory over Darius III in a densely detailed, panoramic battlefield scene.
-
A.
The Rape of Europa by Titian
"The Rape of Europa" by Titian is a renowned 16th-century Venetian masterpiece depicting the mythological abduction of Europa by Zeus in the form of a bull.
-
B.
Lion Hunt mosaic
The Lion Hunt mosaic is a renowned ancient floor mosaic from Pella, Greece, depicting a dynamic lion-hunting scene and exemplifying the high artistic achievement of Hellenistic Macedonian art.
-
C.
Lady with a Unicorn by Raphael
"Lady with a Unicorn" is a Renaissance portrait painting by Raphael depicting a young woman holding a unicorn, celebrated for its refined composition and enigmatic symbolism.
-
D.
Landscape with a Man Killed by a Snake (Poussin)
"Landscape with a Man Killed by a Snake" is a dramatic 1648 oil painting by Nicolas Poussin that exemplifies his classical landscape style and exploration of sudden violence within an ordered natural setting.
-
E.
John Martin’s painting "Belshazzar’s Feast"
John Martin’s painting "Belshazzar’s Feast" is a dramatic 19th-century Romantic depiction of the biblical king Belshazzar witnessing the ominous writing on the wall foretelling his downfall.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Renaissance artwork
ⓘ
history painting ⓘ painting ⓘ |
| artHistoricalSignificance |
important work of the Danube School
ⓘ
key work of Albrecht Altdorfer ⓘ major example of early modern large-scale battle painting ⓘ |
| artworkSurface | panel ⓘ |
| city | Munich ⓘ |
| collection |
Alte Pinakothek, Munich
ⓘ
surface form:
Alte Pinakothek
|
| colorPalette | rich, saturated colors ⓘ |
| commissionedBy | William IV, Duke of Bavaria ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin | Germany ⓘ |
| creator | Albrecht Altdorfer ⓘ |
| depicts |
Alexander the Great
ⓘ
Alexander’s victory over the Persians ⓘ Battle of Issus ⓘ Darius III ⓘ
surface form:
Darius III of Persia
Mediterranean coastline in the distance ⓘ curved horizon suggesting the globe ⓘ dense mass of soldiers and cavalry ⓘ landscape with sea and mountains ⓘ retreat of Darius III ⓘ sun and moon in the sky ⓘ troop formations ⓘ |
| depictsConflict |
Achaemenid–Macedonian conflicts
ⓘ
surface form:
Macedonian–Persian Wars
|
| depictsPlace | Issus ⓘ |
| depictsTime | 333 BC ⓘ |
| genre | history painting ⓘ |
| iconography |
banners and standards identifying opposing armies
ⓘ
inscriptions naming Alexander and Darius ⓘ |
| inception | 1529 ⓘ |
| languageOfInscription | Latin ⓘ |
| location | Alte Pinakothek, Munich ⓘ |
| materialUsed | oil paint ⓘ |
| movement | Northern Renaissance ⓘ |
| notableFeature |
bird’s-eye perspective
ⓘ
densely detailed composition ⓘ dramatic sky ⓘ panoramic battlefield scene ⓘ |
| originalFunction | dynastic and political propaganda for the Bavarian court ⓘ |
| partOfSeries | cycle of historical paintings for William IV of Bavaria ⓘ |
| perspectiveType | elevated, almost cosmic viewpoint ⓘ |
| style |
dramatic contrasts of light and dark
ⓘ
highly detailed miniaturist rendering of figures ⓘ |
| theme | Christian Europe versus the Ottoman threat (allegorical) ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: The Battle of Issus (painting by Albrecht Altdorfer) Description of subject: The Battle of Issus (painting by Albrecht Altdorfer) is a monumental 1529 Renaissance history painting that dramatically portrays Alexander the Great’s victory over Darius III in a densely detailed, panoramic battlefield scene.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Alte Pinakothek
this entity surface form:
The Battle of Alexander at Issus by Albrecht Altdorfer