tumor necrosis factor alpha

E850005

cytokine pro-inflammatory cytokine protein

Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune regulation and inflammation, playing a key role in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Try in SPARQL Jump to: Surface forms Disambiguation Statements Elicitation Referenced by

All labels observed (6)

Label	Occurrences
tumor necrosis factor alpha canonical	8
TNF-alpha	2
TNF	1
TNF gene	1
TNF-α	1
TNFα	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10214557 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: tumor necrosis factor alpha
Context triple: [Inflectra, targets, tumor necrosis factor alpha]

A. TNF
TNF is a weekly National Football League (NFL) primetime broadcast package featuring games played on Thursday nights during the regular season.
B. IL-17A
IL-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by Th17 cells that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
C. IL-64
IL-64 is a major east–west state highway in Illinois that runs from the Mississippi River through the Chicago metropolitan area.
D. IN-2
IN-2 is the standard postal-style abbreviation used to refer to Indiana's 2nd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives.
E. programmed cell death protein 1
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor on T cells that downregulates immune responses and promotes self-tolerance, making it a key target in cancer immunotherapy.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: tumor necrosis factor alpha
Target entity description: Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune regulation and inflammation, playing a key role in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

A. TNF
TNF is a weekly National Football League (NFL) primetime broadcast package featuring games played on Thursday nights during the regular season.
B. IL-17A
IL-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by Th17 cells that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
C. IL-64
IL-64 is a major east–west state highway in Illinois that runs from the Mississippi River through the Chicago metropolitan area.
D. IN-2
IN-2 is the standard postal-style abbreviation used to refer to Indiana's 2nd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives.
E. programmed cell death protein 1
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor on T cells that downregulates immune responses and promotes self-tolerance, making it a key target in cancer immunotherapy.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (85)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	cytokine ⓘ pro-inflammatory cytokine ⓘ protein ⓘ
actsOn	TNF receptor 1 ⓘ TNF receptor 2 ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	TNF ⓘ linked to: tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF-alpha ⓘ linked to: tumor necrosis factor alpha TNFα ⓘ linked to: tumor necrosis factor alpha cachectin ⓘ
associatedWithDisease	Crohn's disease ⓘ linked to: Crohn’s disease ankylosing spondylitis ⓘ atherosclerosis ⓘ cachexia ⓘ heart failure ⓘ inflammatory bowel disease ⓘ insulin resistance in obesity ⓘ psoriasis ⓘ psoriatic arthritis ⓘ rheumatoid arthritis ⓘ sarcoidosis ⓘ septic shock ⓘ systemic lupus erythematosus ⓘ ulcerative colitis ⓘ
chromosomalLocation	6p21.33 ⓘ
cleavedBy	ADAM17 ⓘ linked to: ADAM-family metalloprotease TACE ⓘ
discoveredBy	Lloyd J. Old ⓘ linked to: Zanvil A. Cohn
downregulatedBy	IL-10 ⓘ glucocorticoid ⓘ
encodedBy	TNF gene ⓘ linked to: tumor necrosis factor alpha
hasBiologicalProcess	JNK cascade ⓘ NF-kappaB signaling pathway ⓘ acute phase response ⓘ apoptotic process ⓘ cell proliferation regulation ⓘ fever induction ⓘ immune response ⓘ inflammatory response ⓘ necroptotic signaling pathway ⓘ
hasMolecularFunction	cytokine activity ⓘ receptor binding ⓘ
hasPosttranslationalModification	disulfide bond formation ⓘ glycosylation ⓘ
induces	apoptosis ⓘ endothelial adhesion molecule expression ⓘ inflammatory cytokine production ⓘ insulin resistance ⓘ necroptosis ⓘ
length	233 amino acids (human precursor) ⓘ
localization	plasma membrane ⓘ secreted ⓘ
matureFormLength	157 amino acids (soluble form) ⓘ
memberOf	TNF ligand family ⓘ linked to: TNF superfamily TNF superfamily ⓘ
organism	Homo sapiens ⓘ
pathway	MAPK signaling pathway ⓘ NF-kappaB signaling pathway ⓘ TNF signaling pathway ⓘ apoptosis pathway ⓘ
processedTo	soluble cytokine ⓘ
producedAs	type II transmembrane protein ⓘ
receptorFor	TNFRSF1A ⓘ TNFRSF1B ⓘ linked to: TNF receptor 1
roleIn	granuloma formation ⓘ host defense against infection ⓘ tumor surveillance ⓘ
secretedBy	NK cell ⓘ T cell ⓘ linked to: T lymphocytes dendritic cell ⓘ endothelial cell ⓘ fibroblast ⓘ macrophage ⓘ monocyte ⓘ
structure	homotrimer ⓘ
taxon	human ⓘ
therapeuticTargetOf	adalimumab ⓘ linked to: Humira certolizumab pegol ⓘ etanercept ⓘ golimumab ⓘ linked to: Humira infliximab ⓘ linked to: Remicade
uniprotId	P01375 ⓘ
upregulatedBy	interleukin-1 beta ⓘ lipopolysaccharide ⓘ pathogen-associated molecular patterns ⓘ
yearOfDiscovery	1975 ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (14)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Inflectra → targets → tumor necrosis factor alpha ⓘ

Renflexis → targets → tumor necrosis factor alpha ⓘ

Renflexis → hasTarget → TNF-alpha ⓘ