Indo-Aryan languages
E7769
Indo-Aryan languages are a major branch of the Indo-European family spoken primarily in the Indian subcontinent, including languages such as Hindi, Bengali, Punjabi, and Marathi.
All labels observed (17)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T28255 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Indo-Aryan languages Context triple: [Indo-European language family, hasSubfamily, Indo-Aryan languages]
-
A.
Indo-European language family
The Indo-European language family is a major global language group that includes many of the world’s most widely spoken languages across Europe and large parts of Asia.
-
B.
Nuristani languages
Nuristani languages are a small, distinct group of Indo-Iranian languages spoken primarily in the remote Nuristan region of eastern Afghanistan.
-
C.
Germanic languages
Germanic languages are a major branch of the Indo-European language family that includes languages such as English, German, Dutch, and the Scandinavian languages, sharing common historical origins and linguistic features.
-
D.
Sanskrit
Sanskrit is an ancient Indo-Aryan language of India, foundational to Hindu religious texts and classical Indian literature, and a key source for many modern South Asian languages.
-
E.
Austronesian languages
Austronesian languages are a large and widely dispersed language family spoken across maritime Southeast Asia, Madagascar, the Pacific Islands, and parts of mainland Asia.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Indo-Aryan languages Target entity description: Indo-Aryan languages are a major branch of the Indo-European family spoken primarily in the Indian subcontinent, including languages such as Hindi, Bengali, Punjabi, and Marathi.
-
A.
Indo-European language family
The Indo-European language family is a major global language group that includes many of the world’s most widely spoken languages across Europe and large parts of Asia.
-
B.
Nuristani languages
Nuristani languages are a small, distinct group of Indo-Iranian languages spoken primarily in the remote Nuristan region of eastern Afghanistan.
-
C.
Germanic languages
Germanic languages are a major branch of the Indo-European language family that includes languages such as English, German, Dutch, and the Scandinavian languages, sharing common historical origins and linguistic features.
-
D.
Sanskrit
Sanskrit is an ancient Indo-Aryan language of India, foundational to Hindu religious texts and classical Indian literature, and a key source for many modern South Asian languages.
-
E.
Austronesian languages
Austronesian languages are a large and widely dispersed language family spoken across maritime Southeast Asia, Madagascar, the Pacific Islands, and parts of mainland Asia.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (83)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
branch of Indo-European languages
ⓘ
language family ⓘ |
| ancestorLanguage |
Sanskrit
ⓘ
surface form:
Classical Sanskrit
Sanskrit ⓘ
surface form:
Vedic Sanskrit
|
| dominantIn |
eastern India
ⓘ
surface form:
East India
northern India ⓘ
surface form:
North India
parts of Western India ⓘ |
| hasApproximateSpeakers | over 1 billion speakers ⓘ |
| hasFeature |
grammatical gender in many member languages
ⓘ
postpositions in many member languages ⓘ rich case marking in many member languages ⓘ split ergativity in some member languages ⓘ |
| hasSubgroup |
Central Indo-Aryan languages
ⓘ
Indo-Aryan languages self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
Eastern Indo-Aryan languages
Insular Indo-Aryan languages ⓘ Northern Indo-Aryan languages ⓘ Indo-Aryan languages self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
Southern Indo-Aryan languages
Indo-Aryan languages self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
Western Indo-Aryan languages
|
| historicalStage |
Middle Indo-Aryan
ⓘ
Indo-Aryan languages self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
New Indo-Aryan
Indo-Aryan languages self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
Old Indo-Aryan
|
| includesLanguage |
Assamese
ⓘ
Awadhi ⓘ Bengali ⓘ Bhojpuri ⓘ Chhattisgarhi ⓘ Dhivehi ⓘ Dogri ⓘ Fiji Hindi ⓘ Gujarati ⓘ Hindi ⓘ Hindi ⓘ
surface form:
Hindustani
Kashmiri ⓘ Konkani ⓘ Magahi ⓘ Maithili ⓘ Marathi language ⓘ
surface form:
Marathi
Marwari ⓘ Odia ⓘ Punjabi language ⓘ
surface form:
Punjabi
Rajasthani ⓘ Seraiki ⓘ Sindhi ⓘ Sinhala ⓘ Urdu language ⓘ
surface form:
Urdu
|
| languageBranchOf |
Indo-European language family
ⓘ
surface form:
Indo-European languages
|
| partOf |
Indo-European language family
ⓘ
surface form:
Indo-European languages
|
| region |
Central Asia
ⓘ
South Asia ⓘ diaspora communities worldwide ⓘ |
| spokenIn |
Afghanistan
ⓘ
People's Republic of Bangladesh (from East Pakistan) ⓘ
surface form:
Bangladesh
Fiji ⓘ British Guiana ⓘ
surface form:
Guyana
India ⓘ South Asia ⓘ
surface form:
Indian subcontinent
Maldives ⓘ Mauritius ⓘ Nepal ⓘ Pakistan ⓘ South Africa ⓘ Sri Lanka ⓘ Suriname ⓘ Trinidad and Tobago ⓘ United Kingdom ⓘ United States of America ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| subclassOf | Indo-Iranian languages ⓘ |
| typicalWordOrder | SOV ⓘ |
| usedAsOfficialLanguageIn |
People's Republic of Bangladesh (from East Pakistan)
ⓘ
surface form:
Bangladesh
Fiji ⓘ India ⓘ Maldives ⓘ Nepal ⓘ Pakistan ⓘ Sri Lanka ⓘ |
| writingSystem |
Eastern Nagari script
ⓘ
surface form:
Bengali–Assamese script
Devanagari script ⓘ
surface form:
Devanagari
Gujarati script ⓘ Gurmukhi ⓘ Odia script ⓘ Perso-Arabic script ⓘ Brahmi script ⓘ
surface form:
Sinhala script
Thaana script ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Indo-Aryan languages Description of subject: Indo-Aryan languages are a major branch of the Indo-European family spoken primarily in the Indian subcontinent, including languages such as Hindi, Bengali, Punjabi, and Marathi.
Referenced by (440)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Indo-Iranian languages
this entity surface form:
Southern Indo-Aryan languages
this entity surface form:
Middle Indo-Aryan languages
subject surface form:
Urdu
this entity surface form:
Central Indo-Aryan
this entity surface form:
Eastern Indo-Aryan languages
this entity surface form:
Western Indo-Aryan languages
this entity surface form:
Southern Indo-Aryan languages
this entity surface form:
Old Indo-Aryan
this entity surface form:
New Indo-Aryan
this entity surface form:
Western Indo-Aryan languages
this entity surface form:
Pahari languages
this entity surface form:
New Indo-Aryan