Twenty-One Demands

Target entity: Twenty-One Demands
Context triple: [Century of Humiliation, hasPart, Twenty-One Demands]

• A. Russian lease of Liaodong Peninsula
  The Russian lease of the Liaodong Peninsula was a late 19th-century imperial concession that granted the Russian Empire control over Port Arthur and surrounding areas in northeastern China, significantly expanding its influence in East Asia and intensifying great-power rivalries in the region.
• B. Tanggu Truce
  The Tanggu Truce was a 1933 ceasefire agreement between China and Japan that ended hostilities after Japan’s invasion of Manchuria and effectively ceded further Chinese territory to Japanese control.
• C. Joffe–Sun Yat-sen Manifesto
  The Joffe–Sun Yat-sen Manifesto was a 1923 joint declaration between Soviet envoy Adolf Joffe and Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen that outlined Soviet support for China’s national unification and the reorganization of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang).
• D. Kiautschou Bay concession
  The Kiautschou Bay concession was a German colonial leasehold in China centered on the port of Qingdao, serving as a strategic naval base and commercial hub for the German Empire from 1898 to 1914.
• E. Convention of Peking
  The Convention of Peking was an 1860 series of unequal treaties between Qing China and Western powers that concluded the Second Opium War and ceded territory and major concessions to Britain, France, and Russia.
• F. None of above. chosen
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Target entity: Twenty-One Demands
Target entity description: The Twenty-One Demands were a set of 1915 ultimatums issued by Japan to China that sought extensive political and economic control, becoming a key symbol of foreign aggression during China’s Century of Humiliation.

• A. Russian lease of Liaodong Peninsula
  The Russian lease of the Liaodong Peninsula was a late 19th-century imperial concession that granted the Russian Empire control over Port Arthur and surrounding areas in northeastern China, significantly expanding its influence in East Asia and intensifying great-power rivalries in the region.
• B. Tanggu Truce
  The Tanggu Truce was a 1933 ceasefire agreement between China and Japan that ended hostilities after Japan’s invasion of Manchuria and effectively ceded further Chinese territory to Japanese control.
• C. Joffe–Sun Yat-sen Manifesto
  The Joffe–Sun Yat-sen Manifesto was a 1923 joint declaration between Soviet envoy Adolf Joffe and Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen that outlined Soviet support for China’s national unification and the reorganization of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang).
• D. Kiautschou Bay concession
  The Kiautschou Bay concession was a German colonial leasehold in China centered on the port of Qingdao, serving as a strategic naval base and commercial hub for the German Empire from 1898 to 1914.
• E. Convention of Peking
  The Convention of Peking was an 1860 series of unequal treaties between Qing China and Western powers that concluded the Second Opium War and ceded territory and major concessions to Britain, France, and Russia.
• F. None of above. chosen