Wisconsin glaciation
E63649
The Wisconsin glaciation was the last major advance of continental ice sheets in North America during the Pleistocene, profoundly reshaping the continent’s landscapes and drainage systems.
All labels observed (8)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Weichselian glaciation | 2 |
| Wisconsin glaciation canonical | 2 |
| Wisconsinan Stage | 2 |
| Late Wisconsin glaciation | 1 |
| Sangamon interglacial | 1 |
| Wisconsin Glaciation | 1 |
| Wisconsinan Glaciation | 1 |
| Wisconsinan glaciation | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T510231 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Wisconsin glaciation Context triple: [Niagara Falls, formedBy, Wisconsin glaciation]
-
A.
English Glacier
English Glacier is a glacier located on the slopes of Aconcagua, the highest mountain in the Americas, in the Andes of Argentina.
-
B.
The Ice Sheet at Ogden
The Ice Sheet at Ogden is an ice arena in Ogden, Utah, best known for hosting curling events during the 2002 Winter Olympics.
-
C.
Études sur les glaciers
Études sur les glaciers is a foundational 1840 scientific work by Louis Agassiz that helped establish the study of glaciers and the concept of past ice ages in geology.
-
D.
Doaba
Doaba is a culturally rich region of Punjab in northern India, historically known for its fertile land between the Beas and Sutlej rivers and its significant Punjabi diaspora.
-
E.
Polish Glacier
Polish Glacier is a prominent and challenging ice route on the eastern face of Aconcagua, renowned among mountaineers for its steep, high-altitude climbing.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Wisconsin glaciation Target entity description: The Wisconsin glaciation was the last major advance of continental ice sheets in North America during the Pleistocene, profoundly reshaping the continent’s landscapes and drainage systems.
-
A.
English Glacier
English Glacier is a glacier located on the slopes of Aconcagua, the highest mountain in the Americas, in the Andes of Argentina.
-
B.
The Ice Sheet at Ogden
The Ice Sheet at Ogden is an ice arena in Ogden, Utah, best known for hosting curling events during the 2002 Winter Olympics.
-
C.
Études sur les glaciers
Études sur les glaciers is a foundational 1840 scientific work by Louis Agassiz that helped establish the study of glaciers and the concept of past ice ages in geology.
-
D.
Doaba
Doaba is a culturally rich region of Punjab in northern India, historically known for its fertile land between the Beas and Sutlej rivers and its significant Punjabi diaspora.
-
E.
Polish Glacier
Polish Glacier is a prominent and challenging ice route on the eastern face of Aconcagua, renowned among mountaineers for its steep, high-altitude climbing.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (58)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Pleistocene glaciation
ⓘ
glaciation ⓘ |
| affectedRegion |
Canada
ⓘ
Northeastern United States ⓘ Great Plains ⓘ
surface form:
Northern Great Plains
Rocky Mountains ⓘ Midwestern United States ⓘ
surface form:
Upper Midwestern United States
|
| alsoKnownAs |
Wisconsin Stage
ⓘ
Wisconsin glaciation ⓘ
surface form:
Wisconsinan glaciation
|
| causedEvent |
Missoula floods in the Pacific Northwest
ⓘ
isostatic depression of the crust in formerly glaciated areas ⓘ |
| chronostratigraphicUnit |
Wisconsin glaciation
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Wisconsinan Stage
|
| continent | North America ⓘ |
| correlatesWith |
Würm glaciation
ⓘ
surface form:
Devensian glaciation
Würm glaciation ⓘ
surface form:
Weichselian glaciation
Würm glaciation ⓘ |
| createdFeature |
Lake Agassiz basin
ⓘ
Lake Missoula basin ⓘ basins of the modern Great Lakes (modification of preexisting basins) ⓘ |
| createdLandform |
drumlins in New York and New England
ⓘ
eskers in Canada and northern United States ⓘ glacial till plains ⓘ kettle lakes in glaciated regions ⓘ moraines in the upper Midwest ⓘ outwash plains ⓘ proglacial lake basins ⓘ |
| endApproximate | about 11,000 years ago ⓘ |
| evidenceType |
glacial striations
ⓘ
loess deposits ⓘ morainic ridges ⓘ radiocarbon-dated organic material in glacial sediments ⓘ |
| exposedFeature | Bering land bridge between Siberia and Alaska ⓘ |
| followedBy |
Holocene
ⓘ
surface form:
Holocene epoch
Holocene interglacial ⓘ |
| geologicTimeScaleSeries |
Pleistocene epoch
ⓘ
surface form:
Pleistocene
|
| geologicTimeScaleSystem |
Quaternary period
ⓘ
surface form:
Quaternary
|
| influenced |
distribution of Pleistocene megafauna in North America
ⓘ
migration routes of humans into the Americas ⓘ |
| lastGlacialMaximumApproximate | about 21,000 years ago ⓘ |
| lastMajorAdvanceOf |
Cordilleran Ice Sheet
ⓘ
Greenland Ice Sheet (North American sector) ⓘ Laurentide Ice Sheet in North America ⓘ
surface form:
Laurentide Ice Sheet
|
| maximumIceExtentReached | Last Glacial Maximum ⓘ |
| modified |
Mississippi River basin
ⓘ
surface form:
Mississippi River drainage
Saint Lawrence River ⓘ
surface form:
St. Lawrence River drainage
drainage systems of central North America ⓘ |
| namedAfter |
Wisconsin
ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. state of Wisconsin
|
| nameProposedBy | geologists of the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey ⓘ |
| partOf |
Pleistocene epoch
ⓘ
surface form:
Late Pleistocene
|
| precededBy |
Wisconsin glaciation
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Sangamon interglacial
|
| resultedIn | ongoing postglacial isostatic rebound ⓘ |
| seaLevelChangeAtMaximum | global sea level about 120 meters lower than present ⓘ |
| southernIceMarginApproximate |
Cape Cod
ⓘ
Long Island ⓘ Missouri River floodplain ⓘ
surface form:
Missouri River valley
Nantucket ⓘ Ohio Valley region ⓘ
surface form:
Ohio River valley
|
| startApproximate | about 75,000 years ago ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Wisconsin glaciation Description of subject: The Wisconsin glaciation was the last major advance of continental ice sheets in North America during the Pleistocene, profoundly reshaping the continent’s landscapes and drainage systems.
Referenced by (11)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Weichselian glaciation
this entity surface form:
Weichselian glaciation
this entity surface form:
Wisconsinan glaciation
this entity surface form:
Wisconsinan Stage
this entity surface form:
Sangamon interglacial
this entity surface form:
Late Wisconsin glaciation
this entity surface form:
Wisconsin Glaciation
this entity surface form:
Wisconsinan Glaciation
this entity surface form:
Wisconsinan Stage