Canton System

E579839

The Canton System was an 18th–19th century Chinese trade regime that restricted foreign commerce to the port of Guangzhou (Canton) under strict imperial control, shaping early Western economic relations with China.

All labels observed (4)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (50)

Predicate Object
instanceOf Chinese imperial policy
monopoly trading regime
trade system
alsoKnownAs Canton trade system
linked to: Canton System

Guangzhou System
appliesToJurisdiction Guangzhou
Pearl River Delta
causeOf growth of illicit opium trade
tensions between Qing China and Western powers
country Qing dynasty
currency silver
endTime 1842
enforcedBy Hoppo
imperial customs authorities
goal limit foreign influence in China
maintain imperial control over foreign trade
hasPart Cohong monopoly
linked to: Canton System

Hoppo supervision
Thirteen Factories district
historicalPeriod 18th century
early 19th century
implementedBy Qianlong Emperor
influenced early Sino-Western economic relations
location Canton
Pearl River
South China Sea region
linked to: South China Sea
mainParticipants American merchants
British merchants
Cohong merchants
Portuguese merchants
mainPort Guangzhou
majorExport porcelain
silk
tea
majorImport opium
silver bullion
regulates American trade with China
European trade with China
foreign maritime trade
replacedBy Treaty port system
significantEvent First Opium War
linked to: Anglo-Chinese War

Treaty of Nanjing
linked to: Treaty of Nanking
startTime 1757
tradeRegulation foreign trade conducted only through Cohong
foreigners barred from learning Chinese language formally
foreigners confined to factory compound
foreigners prohibited from entering Guangzhou city walls
trade limited to specific trading season
tradeRestrictedFrom other Chinese ports
tradeRestrictedTo Guangzhou

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (8)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

British opium trade in China linkedTo Canton System
Macartney Embassy of 1793 QingResponse Qianlong Emperor asserted China’s self-sufficiency
linked to: Canton System
Macartney Embassy of 1793 relatedTo Canton System
Bogue associatedWith Canton System
Canton System alsoKnownAs Canton trade system
linked to: Canton System
Canton System hasPart Cohong monopoly
linked to: Canton System
Guangzhou Thirteen Hongs Museum theme Canton System