Cleomenes I of Sparta

E528675

Agiad king of Sparta Spartan king ancient Greek monarch historical figure

Cleomenes I of Sparta was a powerful late 6th–early 5th century BC Spartan king known for his aggressive foreign policy, including intervention in Athenian politics and conflicts with Persia and other Greek states.

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All labels observed (2)

Label	Occurrences
Cleomenes I	7
Cleomenes I of Sparta canonical	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5576215 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Cleomenes I of Sparta
Context triple: [Hippias of Athens, wasOverthrownBy, Cleomenes I of Sparta]

A. Areus I of Sparta
Areus I of Sparta was a 3rd-century BC Spartan king of the Agiad dynasty known for his efforts to revive Spartan power and his involvement in the Hellenistic conflicts against Macedon.
B. Spartan king Pleistoanax
Spartan king Pleistoanax was a 5th-century BCE Agiad ruler of Sparta known for his controversial leadership, including a peace-oriented policy toward Athens that led to his temporary exile.
C. Clearchus of Sparta
Clearchus of Sparta was a 5th-century BC Spartan general best known for commanding Greek mercenaries in Cyrus the Younger's campaign against Artaxerxes II, as famously recounted in Xenophon's Anabasis.
D. Archidamus III
Archidamus III was a 4th-century BC Spartan king known for his military leadership during the Spartan decline following the Peloponnesian War.
E. Archidamus II
Archidamus II was a 5th-century BC king of Sparta from the Eurypontid dynasty, noted for his leadership in the early phase of the Peloponnesian War.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Cleomenes I of Sparta
Target entity description: Cleomenes I of Sparta was a powerful late 6th–early 5th century BC Spartan king known for his aggressive foreign policy, including intervention in Athenian politics and conflicts with Persia and other Greek states.

A. Areus I of Sparta
Areus I of Sparta was a 3rd-century BC Spartan king of the Agiad dynasty known for his efforts to revive Spartan power and his involvement in the Hellenistic conflicts against Macedon.
B. Spartan king Pleistoanax
Spartan king Pleistoanax was a 5th-century BCE Agiad ruler of Sparta known for his controversial leadership, including a peace-oriented policy toward Athens that led to his temporary exile.
C. Clearchus of Sparta
Clearchus of Sparta was a 5th-century BC Spartan general best known for commanding Greek mercenaries in Cyrus the Younger's campaign against Artaxerxes II, as famously recounted in Xenophon's Anabasis.
D. Archidamus III
Archidamus III was a 4th-century BC Spartan king known for his military leadership during the Spartan decline following the Peloponnesian War.
E. Archidamus II
Archidamus II was a 5th-century BC king of Sparta from the Eurypontid dynasty, noted for his leadership in the early phase of the Peloponnesian War.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (58)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Agiad king of Sparta ⓘ Spartan king ⓘ ancient Greek monarch ⓘ historical figure ⓘ
accusation	bribery by the Aeginetans ⓘ madness in later life ⓘ
ally	Athenian aristocratic factions opposed to Cleisthenes ⓘ Isagoras of Athens ⓘ
attemptedAction	dissolution of the Athenian Council (Boule) ⓘ restoration of Hippias as tyrant of Athens ⓘ
battle	Battle of Sepeia ⓘ
child	Gorgo of Sparta ⓘ linked to: Queen Gorgo
conflict	Argos ⓘ Athenian factional struggles between Isagoras and Cleisthenes ⓘ Athenian tyranny of Hippias ⓘ linked to: Peisistratid tyranny in Athens Persian Empire ⓘ linked to: Achaemenid Empire
coRuler	Demaratus of Sparta ⓘ Leotychidas II ⓘ
country	Sparta ⓘ
culture	Dorian Greek ⓘ
deathCause	suicide (according to Herodotus) ⓘ
deathPlace	Sparta ⓘ
era	Archaic Greece ⓘ
father	Anaxandridas II ⓘ
floruit	early 5th century BC ⓘ late 6th century BC ⓘ
intervenedIn	Athenian internal politics ⓘ
knownFor	aggressive foreign policy ⓘ conflicts with Persia ⓘ conflicts with other Greek states ⓘ intervention in Athenian politics ⓘ
language	Ancient Greek ⓘ
memberOf	Agiad dynasty ⓘ
name	Cleomenes I ⓘ linked to: Cleomenes I of Sparta
notableEvent	defeat and heavy losses inflicted on Argos at Sepeia ⓘ forced withdrawal from Athens after popular resistance ⓘ
opponent	Argos ⓘ Cleisthenes of Athens ⓘ linked to: Cleisthenes Demaratus of Sparta ⓘ Hippias of Athens ⓘ
policy	hostility toward Argos ⓘ opposition to Persian influence in Greece ⓘ support for oligarchic regimes in other Greek poleis ⓘ
positionHeld	King of the Spartans ⓘ
reignEnd	c. 490 BC ⓘ
reignStart	c. 520 BC ⓘ
relative	Cleombrotus I ⓘ Dorieus of Sparta ⓘ linked to: Dorieus Gorgo of Sparta ⓘ linked to: Queen Gorgo Leonidas I ⓘ
religion	ancient Greek religion ⓘ
source	Herodotus' Histories ⓘ linked to: works of Herodotus
spouse	unnamed daughter of Demaratus ⓘ unnamed daughter of Prinetadas ⓘ unnamed woman from Arkadia ⓘ unnamed woman from Thessaly ⓘ
successor	Leonidas I ⓘ
title	King of Sparta ⓘ

How these facts were elicited